Epiparasitic plants specialized on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [PDF]
, 2002 Over 400 non-photosynthetic species from 10 families of vascular plants obtain their carbon from fungi and are thus defined as myco-heterotrophs. Many of these plants are epiparasitic on green plants from which they obtain carbon by 'cheating' shared ...
AH Fitter +38 more
core +2 more sources
Spitting Seeds From the Cud: A Review of an Endozoochory Exclusive to Ruminants
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2019 Given their strong masticatory system and the powerful microbial digestion inside their complex guts, mammalian ruminants have been frequently considered seed predators rather than seed dispersers.
Miguel Delibes +6 more
doaj +1 more source
Frugivory and Seed Dispersal by Lizards: A Global Review
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2019 Birds and mammals are the only vertebrates which receive comprehensive attention in studies of dispersal of fleshy-fruited plant species. However, recently the importance of fleshy fruit in the diet of lizards (order Squamata: suborder Sauria), and their
Alfredo Valido, Jens M. Olesen
doaj +1 more source
Phylogenomics and analysis of shared genes suggest a single transition to mutualism in Wolbachia of nematodes [PDF]
, 2013 Wolbachia, endosymbiotic bacteria of the order Rickettsiales, are widespread in arthropods but also present in nematodes. In arthropods, A and B supergroup Wolbachia are generally associated with distortion of host reproduction.
Babayan, Simon A. +12 more
core +5 more sources
Ant-plant interaction in a tropical savanna: may the network structure vary over time and influence on the outcomes of associations? [PDF]
PLoS ONE, 2014 Plant-animal interactions occur in a community context of dynamic and complex ecological interactive networks. The understanding of who interacts with whom is a basic information, but the outcomes of interactions among associates are fundamental to draw ...
Denise Lange, Kleber Del-Claro
doaj +1 more source
The joint influence of competition and mutualism on the biodiversity of mutualistic ecosystems [PDF]
, 2017 Relations among species in ecosystems can be represented by complex networks where both negative (competition) and positive (mutualism) interactions are concurrently present.
Borge-Holthoefer, Javier +3 more
core +4 more sources
Gut microbiota as a trigger of accelerated directional adaptive evolution. Acquisition of herbivory in the context of extracellular vesicles, microRNAs and inter-kingdom crosstalk [PDF]
, 2017 According to a traditional view, the specific diet in vertebrates is one of the key factors structuring the composition of the gut microbiota. In this interpretation, the microbiota assumes a subordinate position, where the larger host shapes, through ...
Romano, Marco
core +1 more source
Reconciling cooperation, biodiversity and stability in complex ecological communities [PDF]
, 2018 Empirical observations show that ecological communities can have a huge number of coexisting species, also with few or limited number of resources. These ecosystems are characterized by multiple type of interactions, in particular displaying cooperative ...
Formentin, Marco +4 more
core +2 more sources
The olfactory basis of orchid pollination by mosquitoes. [PDF]
, 2020 Mosquitoes are important vectors of disease and require sources of carbohydrates for reproduction and survival. Unlike host-related behaviors of mosquitoes, comparatively less is understood about the mechanisms involved in nectar-feeding decisions, or ...
Akbari, Omar S +6 more
core +1 more source
Emergence of structural and dynamical properties of ecological mutualistic networks
, 2013 Mutualistic networks are formed when the interactions between two classes of species are mutually beneficial. They are important examples of cooperation shaped by evolution.
A James +33 more
core +1 more source