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Revisiting the Population Attributable Fraction [PDF]

Epidemiology
Background: The population attributable fraction corresponds to the reduction of the outcome had individuals (counter-to-fact) not experienced the exposure scaled by the observed incidence. Estimators proposed by Levin and Miettinen implicitly assume the study population is a random sample of the target population, which is not
Mark Klose, Paul N. Zivich, Stephen R. Cole   +2 more
openaire   +3 more sources

Defining the population attributable fraction for infectious diseases [PDF]

International Journal of Epidemiology, 2017
The population attributable fraction (PAF) is used to quantify the contribution of a risk group to disease burden. For infectious diseases, high-risk individuals may increase disease risk for the wider population in addition to themselves; therefore methods are required to estimate the PAF for infectious diseases.A mathematical model of disease ...
Brooks Pollock, Ellen, Danon, Leon
openaire   +6 more sources

Prevalence of sarcopenia and population attributable fraction of related factors in Iranian older adults from the IMOS‑2021 study [PDF]

Scientific Reports
Recognizing the growing impact of sarcopenia among older adults in Iran, this study aimed to estimate its prevalence and quantify the population-attributable fraction (PAF) of potential risk factors using data from the Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis ...
Arash Ghazbani, Amirhossein Aghakhani, Kazem Khalagi, Narges Zargar Balajam, Mohammad Javad Mansourzadeh, Mahnaz Sanjari, Sepideh Hajivalizadeh, Elahe Hesari, Noushin Fahimfar, Afshin Ostovar, Ramin Heshmat, Gita Shafiee   +11 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Errors in the Calculation of the Population Attributable Fraction [PDF]

Epidemiology
One of the common errors in the calculation of the population attributable fraction (PAF) is the use of an adjusted risk ratio in the Levin formula. In this article, we discuss the errors visually using wireframes by varying the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and associational risk ratio (aRR) when the prevalence of exposure is fixed.
Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto
core   +6 more sources

Population attributable fraction for dementia in American Indians [PDF]

Alzheimer's & Dementia
Abstract Background The Lancet Commission estimated 45% of dementia cases are collectively attributable to 14 modifiable risk factors (education, hearing loss, head injury, hypertension, heavy alcohol use, obesity, smoking, depression, social isolation, inactivity, diabetes, and air pollution),
Suchy‐Dicey, Astrid M, Rhoads, Kristoffer, Grabowski, Thomas J, Larson, Eric B, Manson, Spero, Buchwald, Dedra, Longstreth, W T   +6 more
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Population attributable fraction: planning of diseases prevention actions in Brazil [PDF]

Revista de Saúde Pública, 2016
ABSTRACT Epidemiology is the study of occurrence, distribution and determinants of health-related events, including the application of that knowledge to the prevention and control of health problems. However, epidemiological studies, in most cases, have limited their research questions to determinants of health outcomes.
Rezende, Leandro Fórnias Machado de, Eluf-Neto, José   +1 more
openaire   +7 more sources

Vision Impairment and the Population Attributable Fraction of Dementia in Older Adults

JAMA Ophthalmology
ImportanceVision impairment is a potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia. Although few prior studies have estimated the contribution of vision impairments to dementia, none have reported on multiple objectively measured vision impairments (eg, distance and near visual acuity and contrast sensitivity) in a nationally representative sample of ...
Smith, Jason R., Huang, Alison R., Zhou, Yunshu, Varadaraj, Varshini, Swenor, Bonnielin K., Whitson, Heather E., Reed, Nicholas S., Deal, Jennifer A., Ehrlich, Joshua R.   +8 more
openaire   +3 more sources

Population attributable fractions for continuously distributed exposures [PDF]

Epidemiologic Methods, 2020
Abstract When estimating population attributable fractions (PAF), it is common to partition a naturally continuous exposure into a categorical risk factor. While prior risk factor categorization can help estimation and interpretation, it can result in underestimation of the disease burden attributable to the exposure as well as biased
John Ferguson, Fabrizio Maturo, Salim Yusuf, Martin O’Donnell   +3 more
openaire   +3 more sources

Province-specific smoking-attributable cancer mortality in China 2013

Tobacco Induced Diseases, 2020
Introduction Province-specific initiatives are at the forefront of tobacco control but limited studies have provided province-specific assessment of smoking-attributable cancer burden in China.
Linjie Yu, Junxia Cheng, Xiaoli Cui, Jianbing Wang   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Contribution of socioeconomic, lifestyle, and medical risk factors to disparities in dementia and mortality

SSM: Population Health, 2021
Extensive literature in the United States documents racial/ethnic and gender disparities in the incidence and prevalence of dementia yet few studies have examined how race/ethnicity and gender intersect to shape inequalities in the risk of dementia ...
Jordan Weiss
doaj   +1 more source