Results 161 to 170 of about 128,227,890 (244)

School Board Elections in England and Wales, 1870–1902: An Electoral Experiment?

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract The 1870 Elementary Education Act enabled the creation of school boards in England and Wales. Members were directly elected by the cumulative vote. This method gave each individual voter as many votes as there were seats on a school board, in some cases up to fifteen.
ED GREEN
wiley   +1 more source

Hospitaller Revenues, Bourbon Regalism: The Financial Administration of the Grand Priory of Castile and León under an American Parvenu

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract After the vicissitudes of the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14), the consolidation of the Bourbon Monarchy in early eighteenth‐century Spain allowed Philip V's ministry to implement the so‐called Nueva Planta in his various kingdoms and lordships of the Crown of Aragon, but also in Castile.
Roberto Quirós Rosado
wiley   +1 more source

From Meaning, Spirituality, and Religion in Acute Psychiatry to Public Health: A 'Dual Motor' Model. [PDF]

open access: yesInt J Environ Res Public Health
van den Brink B   +4 more
europepmc   +1 more source

Working‐Class Muscles? Co‐Operative Gyms in Interwar Britain

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract The Health & Strength League's network of co‐operative gymnasiums constituted one of interwar Britain's most significant yet overlooked physical culture institutions, affiliating over 800 gyms across Britain and Ireland by 1939. Drawing on Health & Strength magazine's editorial content and reader contributions, this article argues that these ...
CONOR HEFFERNAN
wiley   +1 more source

Framings of Intervention in Spain: From the Civil War to the Franco Dictatorship

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract Despite the role of foreign intervention in the Spanish Civil War, the word intervención rarely appeared in contemporary media and official discourse. This article examines the expressions that Republican and rebel authorities used to represent the presence of outside forces in Spain.
Marta Costa Costa
wiley   +1 more source

Obligation, Exemption and Remission: The Multi‐Layered Functioning of the Poll Tax (Cizye) in Ottoman Governance during the Long Eighteenth Century

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract This article examines the poll tax (Ottoman Turkish cizye; Arabic jizya) levied on non‐Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire, not as a fixed, one‐dimensional tax item within the Ottoman fiscal system but as a multi‐layered administrative instrument organized around obligation, exemption and remission.
ÖZLEM BAŞARIR
wiley   +1 more source

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