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References for Preliminary Rulings

2021
AbstractChapter 1 gives an account of the development of the preliminary ruling procedure and outlines the different types of preliminary references in the EU system. It gives an account of the broadly similar reference procedure laid down in the European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement where the EFTA Court admits preliminary references from the EFTA ...
Morten Broberg, Niels Fenger
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Preliminary References

2018
A reference for a preliminary ruling is a request from the national court of a Member State to the Court of Justice of the European Union to give an authoritative interpretation of an EU act or a decision on the validity of such an act. In this situation, the Court of Justice does not function as a court of appeal that rules on the outcome of the main ...
Broberg, Morten, Fenger, Niels
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A Preliminary Approach to Referring to Groups of Objects in Images

2020 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), 2020
In order to talk about an image it is of special interest to be able to refer to the groups of objects that appear in it. To do that, we have to form noun phrases in which properties are combined to discriminate the target group from the rest. These phrases are part of what is known as plural referring expressions in the NLG field.
Nicolás Marín, Gustavo Rivas-Gervilla, Daniel Sánchez 0001   +2 more
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Specialized Reference Works and Their Users. A Preliminary Study

Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, 1975
An examination of the use of three specialized reference works was made to identify users of the reference tools and the benefits from their use. The feasibility of locating and interviewing users was tested, and an attempt was made to determine the situations in which the works are used. Methods of locating users are described.
A. Ben Wagner, M. Carl Drott
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Preliminary reference Earth model

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 1981
A large data set consisting of about 1000 normal mode periods, 500 summary travel time observations, 100 normal mode Q values, mass and moment of inertia have been inverted to obtain the radial distribution of elastic properties, Q values and density in the Earth's interior.
Dziewonski, Adam M., Anderson, Don L.
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The preliminaries of a reference

2018
On 11 June 2015, the President of the First Chamber of the Court of Justice of the EU (the Court) issued an order to delete Bogdan Chain v Atlanco Ltd (C-189/14) from the Registry. This comment and the reflection are thus not motivated by a judgment, but rather by the reasons why the Court after an oral hearing held in the presence of the parties and ...
Butler, Graham, Sadl, Urska
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23. Preliminary References

This chapter focuses on the preliminary reference procedure provided by Article 267 TFEU, under which courts or tribunals of a Member State refer questions on the interpretation or validity of EU law to the Court of Justice. This procedure has played a key role in the development of EU law. The chapter discusses the provisions which may be referred and
Trevor Hartley, Takis Tridimas
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Multilevel judicial protection in the EU and preliminary references

Common Market Law Review, 2016
The article offers a threefold perspective on preliminary references to the ECJ, through an analysis of the case law of the ECJ itself, of (some) constitutional courts and of the ECtHR. Although in the latter two cases, a close connection is made between preliminary references and the right to effective judicial protection, in the EU legal order they ...
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6. Preliminary references

This chapter considers the procedure whereby a national court may make a preliminary reference to the Court of Justice under Article 267 TFEU and receive a preliminary ruling on the questions which it has referred. The chapter examines the questions of law that may be referred to the Court of Justice; the criteria for the ‘court or tribunal’ which may ...
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The law requires translation: The Hungarian preliminary reference on preliminary references: IS,

Common Market Law Review, 2022
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