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10. The preliminary rulings procedure
This chapter examines the relationship between the Court of Justice (CJ) and the national courts in the context of the preliminary rulings procedure provided by Article 267 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
Philippa Watson +2 more
core +1 more source
THE MEANING OF NATIONAL COURT IN ARTICLE 267 TFEU AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE COURT’S INDEPENDENCE [PDF]
The notion of “court or tribunal of a Member State” in Article 267 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union has been given an autonomous meaning by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), resulting from its rich case-law of ...
Iuliana-Mădălina LARION
doaj
(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2025 10(2), 293-326 | Article | (Table of Contents) 1. Introduction: scope and purposes of the analysis. – 2.
Lorenzo Grossio, Davor Petrić
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Concept of a „court” for the purposes of the preliminary ruling procedure [PDF]
The subject of the study is the criteria for recognising a given body as a “court” for the purposes of preliminary ruling proceedings. The problem examined in the article translates directly into ensuring the right to an effective means of judicial ...
Magdalena Matusiak-Frącczak
doaj +1 more source
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, mainly secretes 4‐oxo‐(E)‐2‐hexenal, (E)‐2‐decenal, dodecane and tridecane, a mixture representative of that released by many heteropterans. We demonstrated that H. halys can synthesise these secretory components de novo using dietary glucose.
Haruna Fujimori, Koji Noge
wiley +1 more source
Protocol for quantifying miRNA trafficking across the endosomal membrane
An in vitro protocol measures miRNA uptake into endosomes isolated from mammalian cell extracts, which are free of subcellular contaminants. Performed at 37 °C in the presence of ATP, it ensures the import of single‐stranded miRNA into the endosomal lumen.
Syamantak Ghosh +2 more
wiley +1 more source
Comparative assessment of crystallographic and cryo‐EM models in the Protein Data Bank
Raw data obtained by X‐ray crystallography or cryo‐EM result in experimental maps, ultimately fitted by atomic models. Although the physical principles are different, the final results can be viewed, compared, and evaluated in the same way. With cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) on track to surpass X‐ray crystallography as the preferred method ...
Alexander Wlodawer +7 more
wiley +1 more source
TGF‐β1 stimulation downregulates lysosomal channel TRPML1 in pulmonary fibroblasts. The TRPML1 agonist ML‐SA5 suppressed fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast activation and collagen production. Mechanistically, ML‐SA5 inhibited mTOR phosphorylation, restored autophagic flux, and its effects were enhanced by rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) and reversed by MHY1485 ...
Jiatong Yao +10 more
wiley +1 more source
Challenges of Iran’s Legislative and Judicial Criminal Policy in Dealing with Economic Crimes [PDF]
Economic stability is a cornerstone of the legal and social order in any society, and its absence can lead to multifaceted problems for governments. Consequently, criminal policymakers worldwide, including in Iran, have consistently endeavored to combat ...
zeynab Riazat, Zahra Ahmadi Natour
doaj +1 more source
All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource.
Paul Craig, Gráinne de Búrca
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