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The Etiology of Premature Rupture of the Membranes

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1998
The etiology of PROM is multifactorial. It is clear that maternal enzymes, maturational and mechanical forces, chorionicamniotic membrane phospholipid content, collagen disruption, amniotic cell cytokines induced by fetal signals, and bacterial phospholipases and collagenases all play major and interrelated roles.
W J, Polzin, K, Brady
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Management of premature rupture of membranes

Clinics in Perinatology, 2001
The management of patients with PROM, regardless of gestational age, remains controversial. Generally, when patients are in labor, have infection, or there is irreversible fetal distress, there are few options other than delivery. For those not in labor, especially in premature gestational ages, the complexities of the many combinations of decisions to
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Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 1993
Although the etiology of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is probably multifactorial, recent literature has indicated that infectious processes may play an important role. The management of PPROM is still controversial, requiring individualization of care for each patient. Expectant management is increasingly advocated.
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Premature Rupture of the Fetal Membranes

New England Journal of Medicine, 1998
The membranes surrounding the amniotic cavity are composed of the amnion and the chorion, which are closely adherent layers consisting of several cell types, including epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, and trophoblast cells, embedded in a collagenous matrix.
S, Parry, J F, Strauss
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INTRODUCTION TO PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 1992
PROM is associated with controversies in diagnosis, management, and prognosis. The lack of a gold standard to confirm PROM makes it difficult to determine which diagnostic tool is the best and most reliable. It appears that the older methods of confirming PROM, which depend on properties inherent to amniotic fluid, are the best tools available today ...
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Midtrimester premature rupture of the membranes

Seminars in Perinatology, 1996
Midtrimester premature rupture of the membranes is an uncommon adverse complication of pregnancy with an occurrence of approximately 0.65%. Significant perinatal and maternal morbidity includes pulmonary hypoplasia, restriction deformities, and sequelae of prematurity as well as maternal chorioamnionitis and endometritis. Moreover, 31% of survivors are
J L, Schucker, B M, Mercer
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The Microbiology of Premature Rupture of the Membranes

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1986
The foregoing discussions bring to mind several salient facts: Although numerous barriers to infection exist, this aspect is understood incompletely. Conclusions on the pathogenicity or nonpathogenicity of certain organisms are often made from studies with very small numbers of patients, or in very specific patient populations.
J M, Miller, J G, Pastorek
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The pathophysiology of premature rupture of the membranes

Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1995
Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) is the condition in which the chorioamnion is disrupted before the onset of labor. This condition creates a dilemma for the practicing obstetrician, because once the membranes have broken the risk of fetal or maternal infection, or both, increases.
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Premature Rupture of the Membranes and Ascending Infection

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 1982
Summary. The association of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) and ascending infection was investigated in 15 women. Bacteriological, histological and immunofluorescence methods were used to study infection at various levels in the birth canal.
G R, Evaldson, A S, Malmborg, C E, Nord
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Detection of Premature Rupture of the Membranes

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1991
One of the most common problems an obstetrician faces is evaluation of a patient for PROM. Proper assessment of the patient requires a careful integration of history, physical examination, and clinical testing. The most commonly used tests are analysis of vaginal pH with nitrazine paper and evaluation of vaginal secretions with the arborization test ...
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