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THE APPLICATION OF MARKOV CHAIN MODEL TO CALCULATE PREMIUM AND RESERVE OF ENDOWMENT INSURANCE
The calculation of premiums and reserves are two essential parts of insurance. The calculation of premiums and reserves in life insurance involves using mortality tables.
Dwi Haryanto
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The addition of bio-additive in gasoline was needed in order to improve the anti-knock quality. The bio-additive used was orange peel in the form of essential oil.
Musyaroh Musyaroh +3 more
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Background:. Cosmetic surgery is at the forefront of a $60 billion medical tourism industry. Patients are now able to research options globally through the internet, and increasing numbers are seeking improved service, quality, and value through surgery ...
Christopher Alexander Campbell, MD +4 more
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Bikesharing (BSS) is an emerging alternative mode of transportation with various benefits, such as reducing reliance on single-occupancy automobiles, boosting public health, lowering pollution levels, and enhancing accessibility.
Sangwan Lee
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Variance Risk Premiums and the Forward Premium Puzzle [PDF]
This paper presents evidence that the foreign exchange appreciation is predictable by the currency variance risk premium at a medium 6-month horizon and by the stock variance risk premium at a short 1-month horizon. Although currency variance risk premiums are highly correlated with each other over longer horizons, their correlations with stock ...
Juan M. Londono, Hao Zhou
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Risk Premium, Variance Premium, and the Maturity Structure of Uncertainty [PDF]
Abstract Structural or no-arbitrage asset-pricing models emphasize risk factors that cannot be observed directly. We show that the term structure of risk implicit in option prices can reveal these risk factors. Empirically, the variance term structure reveals two predictors of the bond premium, the equity premium, and the variance ...
Feunou, Bruno +3 more
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Abstract In this paper, we consider conditional measures of lead-lag relations between aggregate growth and industry-level cash flow growth in the United States. Our results show that firms in leading industries pay an average annualized return 3.6$\%$ higher than that of firms in lagging industries.
Croce, Mariano M. +2 more
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Is the Term Premium a Risk Premium?
This paper explores whether excess holding period returns on long vis-a-vis short-term securities behave in a manner that is consistent with (1) market efficiency, (2) the time-varying-term-premium variant of the expectations hypothesis, and (3) theories of the term premium that view it as a reward for risk bearing. Both traditional and modern theories
Ederington, Louis H., GOH, Jeremy C.
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UNRAVELING THE SKILL PREMIUM [PDF]
For the United States, the supply and wages of skilled labor relative to those of unskilled labor have grown over the postwar period. The literature has tended to explain this through “skill-biased technical change” (SBTC). Empirical work has concentrated around two variants: (1) capital-skill complementarity, (2) skill-augmenting technical change. Our
McAdam, Peter, Willman, Alpo
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ABSTRAK Pemerintah Indonesia berharap kualitas baik dari gas buang kendaraan khususnya sepeda motor, diperlukan bahan bakar kualitas tinggi yaitu bahan bakar dengan nilai oktan tinggi.
Fogot Endro Wibowo, Rahmasari Fauzhia
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