Results 251 to 260 of about 472,407 (297)

Urban carbon emissions: evolution, analysis, and application based on 53-year data. [PDF]

open access: yesFront Public Health
Ding Y   +5 more
europepmc   +1 more source

From Sea to Table: The Role of Traceability in Italian Seafood Consumption. [PDF]

open access: yesFoods
Violino S   +15 more
europepmc   +1 more source

The retrospective premium reserve

Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 1990
Abstract For an ordinary single- or multiple-decrement life insurance policy, there is essentially only one retrospective premium reserve and its definition is given in standard textbooks on life contingencies. By contrast, for a multi-state policy, each state has its own retrospective (as well as its own prospective) reserve, there is considerable ...
Jan Hoem
exaly   +2 more sources

On the Sensitivity of Premiums and Reserves to Changes in Valuation Elements

Scandinavian Actuarial Journal, 2003
Upon differentiating the Thiele differential equations and the equivalence condition with respect to some parameter appearing in the equations, one obtains differential equations for the derivatives of the state-wise reserves and the premium level with respect to the parameter.
Vladimir Kalashnikov
exaly   +2 more sources

Reserves for Policies with Nonannual Premiums

North American Actuarial Journal, 1998
Actuaries use a variety of approximations in calculating reserves. Among the methods used by actuaries for policies with modal premiums are fully discrete reserves, fully continuous reserves, discounted continuous reserves (equivalent to the apportionable premium case), and semicontinuous reserves.
exaly   +2 more sources

Calculation of Ruin Probabilities when the Premium Depends on the Current Reserve

Scandinavian Actuarial Journal, 1989
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to show how the ruin probability can be found for a compound Poisson risk process with a general premium rate p(r) depending on the reserve r, and it is illustrated how the probability of ruin can be calculated using a simple numerical method.
exaly   +2 more sources

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