Early evolution of the gular musculature and its innervation in ray‐finned fishes
Abstract Gular muscles are an important but often overlooked component of cranial anatomy in bony fishes. They are located on the ventral surface of the head and are derived from the mandibular and hyoid arches. We present a comprehensive review of the gular musculature and its innervation across early diverging actinopterygian lineages. By integrating
Aléssio Datovo +4 more
wiley +1 more source
A Classification of Intrinsic Ergodicity for Recognisable Random Substitution Systems. [PDF]
Gohlke P, Mitchell A.
europepmc +1 more source
Abstract An exquisitely preserved, isolated partial petrosal with associated fragmentary stapes is described from the Vastan Lignite Mine (Gujarat, India), dated to the early Eocene (~54.5 Ma). Several anatomical traits (e.g., large petrosal plate; posterolateral entry of the internal carotid artery to the tympanic cavity; bony tubes surrounding the ...
Mary T. Silcox +8 more
wiley +1 more source
Drivers of tail evolution in squamates and their implications for the fossorial origin of snakes
Abstract The axial skeleton serves as the primary structural support in all vertebrates and is subdivided into five distinct regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal. Relaxation of constraints acting on the terminal end of the axial skeleton has led to remarkable variation in caudal vertebrae number across Squamata.
Olivia Binfield +2 more
wiley +1 more source
Microdroplet surfaces interface organic molecule formation and the origins of life. [PDF]
Chen S, Kornienko N.
europepmc +1 more source
Innervation of the tubarial glands: A hypothesis‐driven anatomical review
Abstract The tubarial glands have been described as a macroscopic bilateral glandular complex in the posterolateral nasopharynx near the torus tubarius and the pharyngeal opening of the Eustachian tube. Since their recognition on prostate‐specific membrane antigen‐based imaging, their anatomical classification has remained debated, with converging ...
Mugurel Constantin Rusu +2 more
wiley +1 more source
Significance of oscillatory TiO<sub>2</sub>-water nanofluid and heat transfer performance over vertical magnetized flat plate using artificial neural network. [PDF]
Ullah Z +7 more
europepmc +1 more source
Phylogenetic limitations seem more decisive than life habit in the diversity of reptile skin micro‐ornamentation. The ancestral form possibly had polygonal cells with regular borders, smooth surface and had no ridges. Cell morphology change gradually on a single scale, especially widths at scale base are greater than those at middle.
Melodi Yenmiş
wiley +1 more source
Graphene oxide nanoparticles oscillation in drilling fluid for heat transfer with entropy generation over radiative cylinder in fluctuating and laminar regimes. [PDF]
Khedher NB +8 more
europepmc +1 more source
Evolutionary morphology of the haplorhine hamate
Abstract Primates adopt a variety of hand postures during an impressive diversity of locomotor and manipulative behaviors. Morphological research has found that elements of the hand skeleton, such as the hamate, hold key information for inferring hand use and locomotor kinematics in extinct species.
Laura E. Hunter +4 more
wiley +1 more source

