DNA dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) enhances HIV transcription by promoting RNA polymerase II activity and recruitment of transcription machinery at HIV LTR. [PDF]
, 2020 Despite reductions in mortality from the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the presence of latent or transcriptionally silent proviruses prevents HIV cure/eradication.
Bukrinsky, Michael +10 more
core +2 more sources
Endogenous Retroviruses as Modulators of Innate Immunity
Pathogens, 2023 Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), or LTR retrotransposons, are a class of transposable elements that are highly represented in mammalian genomes. Human ERVs (HERVs) make up roughly 8.3% of the genome and over the course of evolution, HERV elements ...
Eric Russ, Sergey Iordanskiy
doaj +1 more source
Fossil record of an archaeal HK97-like provirus.
Virology, 2011 One of the outstanding questions in biology today is the origin of viruses. We have discovered a protein in the hyperthermophile Sulfolobus solfataricus while following proteome regulation during viral infection that led to the discovery of a fossil provirus.
Joshua Heinemann +8 more
semanticscholar +4 more sources
Emerging PCR-based techniques to study HIV-1 reservoir persistence [PDF]
, 2020 While current antiretroviral therapies are able to halt HIV-1 progression, they are not curative, as an interruption of treatment usually leads to viral rebound.
Cole, Basiel +4 more
core +2 more sources
The chromatin landscape at the HIV-1 provirus integration site determines viral expression
Nucleic Acids Research, 2020 HIV-1 persists lifelong in memory cells of the immune system as latent provirus that rebounds upon treatment interruption. Therefore, the latent reservoir is the main target for an HIV cure.
G. Vansant +6 more
semanticscholar +1 more source
The Impact of Cellular Proliferation on the HIV-1 Reservoir
Viruses, 2020 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a chronic infection that destroys the immune system in infected individuals. Although antiretroviral therapy is effective at preventing infection of new cells, it is not curative.
Maria C. Virgilio, Kathleen L. Collins
doaj +1 more source
HIV-1 transcription but not intact provirus levels are associated with systemic inflammation.
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020 HIV-1 infected individuals have increased inflammation, which has been associated with age-associated diseases. Plasma markers, cell-associated (ca) virus levels, and ability to stimulate RNA transcription in latently infected cell lines was examined in ...
A. Olson +4 more
semanticscholar +1 more source
Targeted Chromatinization and Repression of HIV-1 Provirus Transcription with Repurposed CRISPR/Cas9
Viruses, 2020 The major barrier to HIV-1 cure is the persistence of latent provirus, which is not eradicated by antiretroviral therapy. The “shock and kill” approach entails stimulating viral production with latency-reversing agents followed by the killing of cells ...
A. Olson +5 more
semanticscholar +1 more source
Immunity & Ageing, 2020 Background The human genome contains remnants of ancient retroviral infections called human endogenous retroviruses (HERV). Their expression is often observed in several diseases of autoimmune or inflammatory nature.
Arttu Autio +5 more
semanticscholar +1 more source
Challenges in Quantifying Cytosine Methylation in the HIV Provirus [PDF]
mBio, 2019 DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism most commonly associated with transcriptional repression. While it is clear that DNA methylation can silence HIV proviral expression in in vitro latency models, its correlation with HIV persistence and expression in vivo is ambiguous, particularly in
Sara Gianella +5 more
openaire +5 more sources