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'It is not my business': Adolescent boys' experiences and responses to community violence in Soweto, South Africa. [PDF]

J Child Adolesc Trauma
Zharima C, Mboneli E, Tsotetsi L, Vermaak S, Nkala B, Violari A, Kidman R, Hammock A, Dietrich J.   +8 more
europepmc   +1 more source

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Public and Private Enforcement of Competition Law in Europe – Introduction and Overview

ZEW Economic Studies, 2014
Most competition law enforcement systems are based on two enforcement pillars: public and private enforcement. Public enforcement refers to state authorities that enforce antitrust rules; such authorities are vested with special powers and use special procedures to investigate and punish infringements.
Heike Schweitzer, Hüschelrath Kai, Schweitzer Heike   +2 more
exaly   +2 more sources

The Role of Fines in the Public Enforcement of Competition Law

ZEW Economic Studies, 2014
There is consensus that the prohibition of hard-core cartels is one of the pillars of free and undisturbed trade, and that prosecution of cartels is necessary to ensure undisturbed competition. Dissenting opinions could only come from members of working and undiscovered cartels, but such opinions do not count.
Heike Schweitzer, Hüschelrath Kai, Schweitzer Heike   +2 more
exaly   +2 more sources

Rule of Law Values in the Decentralized Public Enforcement of EU Competition Law

2017
This chapter evaluates the functioning of the decentralized public enforcement of EU competition law. The analysis focuses on the effectiveness of the decentralized enforcement, which relies on Rule of Law principles. It has been argued that Rule of Law principles are a prerequisite for effective competition law enforcement.
exaly   +4 more sources

Public and Private Enforcement of Competition Law in Europe

ZEW Economic Studies, 2014
exaly   +2 more sources

Public and Private Enforcement of Competition Law

2011
exaly   +2 more sources

Enforcement of Competition Law: Public Enforcement and Competition Agencies

2020
The increased focus on an effective enforcement of competition law in both developed and transitional economies has highlighted the debate on enforcement tools and institutions. Designing antitrust institutions became crucial, not only because a desirable substantive outcome of competition issues relies on an appropriate definition of competition ...
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Private enforcement of EU Competition Law between public and private issues

International Journal of Public Law and Policy, 2011
This work underlines some of the main issues that Member States face in attempting to reconcile national tort law systems with EU goals in competition law. As a matter of fact, the very notion of private enforcement tends to achieve two different purposes: on the one hand, corrective justice and, on the other hand, a functional system of deterrence ...
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Consumer Involvement in Public Competition Law Enforcement

2015
Abstract This chapter explores the possible opportunities for consumer participation and the promotion of the consumer interest in public competition law enforcement. It, first, discusses the reasons for the shift from private to public enforcement, and argues that public mechanisms can be structured in a way that promotes the same ...
openaire   +1 more source