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Public use and public funding of science
Nature Human Behaviour, 2022Knowledge of how science is consumed in public domains is essential for understanding the role of science in human society. Here we examine public use and public funding of science by linking tens of millions of scientific publications from all scientific fields to their upstream funding support and downstream public uses across three public domains ...
Yian Yin +4 more
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Public pension funding in practice [PDF]
Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 2011 AbstractPublic pension funding has recently become a front-burner policy issue in the wake of the financial crisis and given the pending retirement of large numbers of baby boomers. This paper examines the current funding of state and local pensions using a sample of 126 plans, estimating an aggregate funded ratio in 2009 of 78% using GASB accounting ...
Alicia H. Munnell +2 more
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IEEE Micro, 2014
This column discusses the irony of government funding of science--that is, that governments tend to fund scientific research in areas where returns are believed to be high, but where there's little data to confirm or refute this belief. The author illustrates these concepts using the example of the server software Apache.
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This column discusses the irony of government funding of science--that is, that governments tend to fund scientific research in areas where returns are believed to be high, but where there's little data to confirm or refute this belief. The author illustrates these concepts using the example of the server software Apache.
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The Cost of Public Funds in Australia*
Economic Record, 1997A model of labour supply is used to calculate Australia's marginal cost of public funds, which is the appropriate cut‐off benefit/ cost ratio for an additional public project. The labour supply model incorporates effective average and marginal tax rates faced by the representative household in each gross income decile.
Campbell, H. F., Bond, K. A.
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2001
Abstract The system of public funding of civil litigation was reformed by the Access to Justice Act 1999. The Legal Services Commission (the Commission) was created to oversee the Community Legal Service (CLS), which assumed the functions of the Legal Aid Board. The CLS funds services out of the Community Legal Service Fund (the Fund),
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Abstract The system of public funding of civil litigation was reformed by the Access to Justice Act 1999. The Legal Services Commission (the Commission) was created to oversee the Community Legal Service (CLS), which assumed the functions of the Legal Aid Board. The CLS funds services out of the Community Legal Service Fund (the Fund),
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Funding Shareholder Litigation: Public Funding
2017To solve funding problems, public funding could be an option. ‘Public funding’ in this book refers to an approach where the state (e.g., a government agency) provides funding to support private civil litigation.
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The Marginal Cost of Public Funds
Journal of Political Economy, 1976The marginal cost of public funds is the direct tax burden plus the marginal welfare cost produced in acquiring the tax revenue. This paper estimates that the marginal cost of public funds for taxes on labor income in the United States ranges from 1.09 to 1.16 per dollar of tax revenue, depending on the progressivity of the change in the tax structure.
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Public funds in high-tech industries: A blessing or a curse
Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 2022Shengjun Zhu
exaly
The Rise of State-Owned Investors: Sovereign Wealth Funds and Public Pension Funds
Annual Review of Financial Economics, 2021William L Megginson
exaly