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A theory of the radiation belt
Planetary and Space Science, 1965Abstract A theoretical investigation of the properties of a plasma in the vicinity of a magnetic dipole is made, and the conditions for stability of the plasma derived and applied to the Earth's radiation belt. During solar flares oscillations may be set up in the plasma, and the frequency of such oscillation is calculated.
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1984
Particles in radiation belt of Earth, considering motion in dipole field, sources, loss processes ...
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Particles in radiation belt of Earth, considering motion in dipole field, sources, loss processes ...
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Reviews of Geophysics, 1982
This paper reviews the status of radiation belt science at the close of the data acquisition phase (1976–1979) of the International Magnetospheric Study. The purpose is to place recent discoveries in context with respect to long‐standing problems and to indicate possible directions for future research in radiation belt physics.
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This paper reviews the status of radiation belt science at the close of the data acquisition phase (1976–1979) of the International Magnetospheric Study. The purpose is to place recent discoveries in context with respect to long‐standing problems and to indicate possible directions for future research in radiation belt physics.
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Statistics of the outer radiation belt
AIP Conference Proceedings, 1996The highly variable electron flux levels in the outer radiation belt come about by competition between time‐dependent source and loss mechanisms. In order to identify some of the different mechanisms involved, we examine the statistics of the variability of fluxes at geostationary orbit.
A. D. Johnstone, D. J. Rodgers
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Space Science Reviews, 1979
The recent close encounters of Pioneer-10 (December 1973) and Pioneer-11 (December 1974) with the planet Jupiter provided the first in situ observations of zenomagnetically trapped particle radiation. Such observations represented a major advance in planetary research.
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The recent close encounters of Pioneer-10 (December 1973) and Pioneer-11 (December 1974) with the planet Jupiter provided the first in situ observations of zenomagnetically trapped particle radiation. Such observations represented a major advance in planetary research.
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2003
For the low altitude region near the Earth (250-1000 km), where the human activity, both commercial as well as scientific, has greatly increased over the last decades, it is particularly important to accurately model the radiation environment. As we briefly noted in Chapter 1, measurements carried out since the 1950s have shown the existence of ...
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For the low altitude region near the Earth (250-1000 km), where the human activity, both commercial as well as scientific, has greatly increased over the last decades, it is particularly important to accurately model the radiation environment. As we briefly noted in Chapter 1, measurements carried out since the 1950s have shown the existence of ...
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Physics Today, 1966
EIGHT YEARS of space experimentation have elapsed since James A. Van Allen, George H. Ludwig, Carl E. McIlwain and E. C. Ray discovered the earth's radiation belts with a Geiger counter on the Explorer 1 satellite. Almost every flight since has offered the opportunity of finding a different particle, a new energy distribution or an unusual space or ...
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EIGHT YEARS of space experimentation have elapsed since James A. Van Allen, George H. Ludwig, Carl E. McIlwain and E. C. Ray discovered the earth's radiation belts with a Geiger counter on the Explorer 1 satellite. Almost every flight since has offered the opportunity of finding a different particle, a new energy distribution or an unusual space or ...
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REVIEW ON MODELLING OF THE RADIATION BELTS
Matter, Anti-Matter and Dark Matter, 2002The Earth's trapped radiation belts were discovered at the beginning of the space age and were immediately recognised as a considerable hazard to space missions. Consequently, considerable effort was invested in building models of the trapped proton and electron populatinos, culminating in the NASA AP-8 and AE-8 models which have been the de facto ...
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The Radiation Belts, Natural and Artificial
Science, 1963Data on the time- and space-dependence of trapped particles in three categories were obtained by detectors on the Explorer XV satellite. An unexpected secondary peak in the distribution of high-energy protons was found. The fluxes of high-energy protons slowly increased with time but apparently were not affected by geomagnetic events that caused ...
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