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Drug Testing and Analysis, 2022
AbstractThe concept of biomarker measurements in the form of a ratio has not been explored in detail. This is surprising considering the current and future potential for biomarkers incorporating endogenous reference compounds (ERCs) in a range of fields.
Adam Cawley +4 more
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AbstractThe concept of biomarker measurements in the form of a ratio has not been explored in detail. This is surprising considering the current and future potential for biomarkers incorporating endogenous reference compounds (ERCs) in a range of fields.
Adam Cawley +4 more
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On Distributions of Ratios [PDF]
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014 Inversion formulae are derived that express the density and distribution function of a ratio of random variables in terms of the joint characteristic function of the numerator and denominator. The resulting expressions are amenable to numerical evaluation and lead to simple asymptotic expansions.
Broda, S.A., de Kan, R.
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Risk ratios and odds ratios—what are they?
Midwifery, 2004A risk ratio (sometimes called relative risk, both abbreviated to RR) and an odds ratio (OR) are ways of expressing a comparison between two proportions. For example, in this paper, there are two randomised groups in the trial, women in the lateral position and women in the supported sitting position in the passive second stage of labour.
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Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 1970
AbstractThe inequalities related to Mill's Ratio were conjectured true by Birnbaum (2) and were proved by Murty (4) for sufficiently large x > 0. In the present paper, these are proved for all finite x and have been used to calculate an upper limit for Mill's Ratio over the range x > – 1.
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AbstractThe inequalities related to Mill's Ratio were conjectured true by Birnbaum (2) and were proved by Murty (4) for sufficiently large x > 0. In the present paper, these are proved for all finite x and have been used to calculate an upper limit for Mill's Ratio over the range x > – 1.
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American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2012
from which we can infer that if the risk or the probability of failure is low (P\0.1), then the OR is a good approximation of the RR, and they can be used interchangeably. If the risk of the events is high, then the OR and the RR cannot be used interchangeably, since they tend to be quite different because the risk is bounded by the values of 0 and 1 ...
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from which we can infer that if the risk or the probability of failure is low (P\0.1), then the OR is a good approximation of the RR, and they can be used interchangeably. If the risk of the events is high, then the OR and the RR cannot be used interchangeably, since they tend to be quite different because the risk is bounded by the values of 0 and 1 ...
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Ratios of Ratios and Their Applications
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), 1966A STATISTIC which has received relatively little attention in the literature of sampling theory is the ratio of a ratio. This statistic has applications in calculating variances for index numbers and certain demographic statistics, and for using auxiliary variates in statistical estimation.
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Annals of Eugenics, 1939
The articles published by the Annals of Eugenics (1925–1954) have been made available online as an historical archive intended for scholarly use. The work of eugenicists was often pervaded by prejudice against racial, ethnic and disabled groups. The online publication of this material for scholarly research purposes is not an endorsement of those views
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The articles published by the Annals of Eugenics (1925–1954) have been made available online as an historical archive intended for scholarly use. The work of eugenicists was often pervaded by prejudice against racial, ethnic and disabled groups. The online publication of this material for scholarly research purposes is not an endorsement of those views
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