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Effects of Catastrophic Coverage Expansion on Out-of-Pocket Spending for Non-Covered Services and Financial Equity: Evidence from South Korea's National Health Insurance. [PDF]

Healthcare (Basel)
Kim M, Shin D, Shin H, Yoon J.
europepmc   +1 more source

Reversible Data Embedding Using Reduced Difference Expansion

Third International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP 2007), 2007
The general difference expansion method uses reversible integer transform to embed information into a digital image and perfectly restores the original image after removing the hidden data. In multilayer embedding applications, the operation of difference expansion may seriously degrade the visual quality of the embedded image.
Der-Chyuan Lou
exaly   +3 more sources

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Hiding Secret Data in Grayscale Images by Improving the Method of Reduced Difference Expansion

2019 12th International Conference on Information & Communication Technology and System (ICTS), 2019
Everyone mostly does technology sophistication in sending data to convey information at this time; so, data security is needed. One of the methods used is data hiding in multi-media files such as image, audio, and video. However, there is a mismatch between image quality and insertion capacity in the embedding process.
Tohari Ahmad
exaly   +2 more sources

Reducing location map in prediction-based difference expansion for reversible image data embedding

Signal Processing, 2012
In this paper, we present a reversible data embedding scheme based on an adaptive edge-directed prediction for images. It is known that the difference expansion is an efficient data embedding method. Since the expansion on a large difference will cause a significant embedding distortion, a location map is usually employed to select small differences ...
Minglei Liu, Hock Soon Seah, Ce Zhu
exaly   +4 more sources

Improved reduced difference expansion based reversible data hiding scheme for digital images

2009 9th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments, 2009
In this paper, a new reversible data hiding based on logarithm transformation function named improved reduced difference expansion (IRDE) was proposed. Reduced difference expansion (RDE) proposed by Lou et al uses logarithm transformation function to reduce the distortion cased by difference expansion (DE) effectively.
Hou Jianjun
exaly   +2 more sources

Hiding Scheme based on Improved Reduced Difference Expansion in Multi-block Shape

Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 2022
Chin-Feng Lee, Jau-Ji Shen, Lee Chin-Feng   +2 more
exaly   +2 more sources

A Data Hiding Scheme via Reduced Difference Expansion to Improve the Stego Quality

2023 3rd International Conference on Mobile Networks and Wireless Communications (ICMNWC), 2023
Ntivuguruzwa Jean De La Croix, Tohari Ahmad   +1 more
exaly   +2 more sources