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Bile Reflux in the Constellation of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Thoracic Surgery Clinics, 2005Gastric acid and bile acids are a particularly noxious combination when they interact with the mucosa of the upper intestinal tract. There is a critical pH range, between 3 and 6, in which bile acids exist in their soluble, un-ionized form, can penetrate cell membranes, and accumulate within mucosal cells.
Hubert J. Stein, W. K. H. Kauer
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Acid reflux and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
British Journal of Community Nursing, 2004Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a common disease that is likely to increase in prevalence as the population becomes steadily more obese. Although generally benign reflux can, if untreated, lead to severe complications. This article describes the symptoms and diagnosis of acid reflux and GORD, and reviews currently available treatments ...
Alan R. Watson, Tim Bowling
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Primary vesicoureteric reflux and reflux nephropathy
2018Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) describes the flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract when the ureterovesical junction fails to perform as a one-way valve. Most commonly, VUR is primary, though it can be secondary to bladder outflow obstruction and can occur in several multiorgan congenital disorders. There is good evidence of a genetic
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European Journal of Internal Medicine, 2005
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common disease of the gastrointestinal system. Heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia are the most common symptoms of GERD. However, chest pain, chronic cough, laryngitis, hoarseness, and other otolaryngologic manifestation can be the primary manifestations of the disease.
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common disease of the gastrointestinal system. Heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia are the most common symptoms of GERD. However, chest pain, chronic cough, laryngitis, hoarseness, and other otolaryngologic manifestation can be the primary manifestations of the disease.
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Vesicoureteral Reflux and Reflux Nephropathy in Adults
2015Pietro Zucchelli, R. Gaggi
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Validity and reliability of the reflux symptom index (RSI).
Journal of Voice, 2002P. Belafsky, G. Postma, J. Koufman
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