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Resistant Hypertension in CKD

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2021
Resistant hypertension is defined as BP that remains above goal despite the use of three antihypertensive medications at optimal doses of different classes, typically including a calcium channel blocker, a renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blocker, and a diuretic ([1][1]).
George, Thomas, Mahboob, Rahman
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Resistant Hypertension

Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, 2008
Despite the high prevalence and heterogeneity of hypertension, blood pressure (BP) can be controlled to goal levels with effective therapy in many patients. However, in a small percentage of patients who have hypertension, the BP remains refractory to usual and customary therapeutic measures.
Russell L, Silverstein, C Venkata S, Ram
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Resistant Hypertension

2016
Conservatively, ten million people in the USA alone may suffer from RH and may be similarly prevalent elsewhere. Given the strong linear correlation between hypertension and cardiovascular outcomes, better control is paramount. We favor a multi-pronged approach. It may not suffice to address this by pharmacologic means only.
Debbie, Valsan   +2 more
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Resistant hypertension: an overview

Minerva Cardiology and Angiology, 2018
Despite the availability of anti-hypertensive medications with proven efficacy and good tolerability, many hypertensive patients have blood pressure (BP) levels not at the goals set by international societies. Some of these patients are either non-adherent to the prescribed drugs or not optimally treated.
Pedrinelli, Roberto   +13 more
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MINOXIDIL IN RESISTANT HYPERTENSION

The Lancet, 1977
Minoxidil in combination with propranolol and diuretics controlled the blood-pressure in a group of hypertensive patients who were resistant to treatment with large doses of standard drugs. The main problem was fluid retention but subjective side-effects were fewer than in a comparable group on other drugs.
H J, Dargie, C T, Dollery, J, Daniel
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Insulin resistance and hypertension

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 1990
Diminished insulin (Ins) sensitivity is a characteristic feature of various pathological conditions such as the cardiometabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Persons with essential hypertension are more prone than normotensive persons to develop diabetes, and this propensity may reflect decreased ability of Ins to promote relaxation and
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Resistant hypertension, secondary hypertension, and hypertensive crises

Cardiology Clinics, 2002
Resistant hypertension, secondary hypertension, and hypertensive crises are uncommon but potentially dangerous forms of hypertension that are associated with an increased risk of complications such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and renal failure.
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Treatment of resistant hypertension

Current Hypertension Reports, 2005
Although the true prevalence of resistant hypertension is not known, it is likely that this condition will become increasingly common, driven by an aging population, obesity, nonadherence trends, and effects of target-organ disease. Current approaches focus on two goals: evaluation and correction of contributing causes, then selection of an effective ...
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Labetalol in resistant hypertension

Acta Medica Scandinavica, 1982
ABSTRACT. In 12 patients with resistant hypertension labetalol was added to existing therapy. The average dose was 1333 mg (range 400–3600). The subjects were followed up for three and a half years. Mean supine blood pressure (BP) was reduced from 202/123 to 163/103 mm Hg and mean standing BP from 193/127 to 144/100 mm Hg.
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Patients with resistant hypertension

Journal of Hypertension, 2007
Hypertension remains uncontrolled in the majority of treated patients, especially those with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. This was demonstrated by a French study that showed that 70% of treated hypertensive patients are not controlled to the target level of 140/90 mmHg. This proportion reached 84% in hypertensive patients with diabetes (target
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