Results 31 to 40 of about 142,506 (314)

Discrete Optimization for Interpretable Study Populations and Randomization Inference in an Observational Study of Severe Sepsis Mortality [PDF]

, 2015
Motivated by an observational study of the effect of hospital ward versus intensive care unit admission on severe sepsis mortality, we develop methods to address two common problems in observational studies: (1) when there is a lack of covariate overlap ...
Fogarty, Colin B., Gaieski, David F., Mikkelsen, Mark E., Small, Dylan S.   +3 more
core   +2 more sources

The randomization-induced risk of a trial failing to attain its target power: assessment and mitigation

Trials, 2019
Health researchers are familiar with the concept of trial power, a number that prior to the start of a trial is intended to describe the probability that the results of the trial will correctly conclude that the intervention has an effect.
Hubert Wong, Yongdong Ouyang, Mohammad Ehsanul Karim   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Information transport and limits of optical imaging in the highly diffusive regime

Physical Review Research, 2023
Imaging in the highly diffusive regime lies at the heart of various optical medical imaging technologies and other applications such as imaging through fog.
Jack Radford, Daniele Faccio
doaj   +1 more source

Inverse probability weighting to estimate causal effect of a singular phase in a multiphase randomized clinical trial for multiple myeloma

BMC Medical Research Methodology, 2016
Background Randomization procedure in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) permits an unbiased estimation of causal effects. However, in clinical practice, differential compliance between arms may cause a strong violation of randomization balance and ...
Annalisa Pezzi, Michele Cavo, Annibale Biggeri, Elena Zamagni, Oriana Nanni   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

Valid Restricted Randomization for Unbalanced Designs

Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology, 1993
SUMMARY Sufficient conditions for strong validity of randomization are given, for designs whose block structure corresponds to an association scheme. These conditions generalize previous results for orthogonal designs and balanced designs. Applications to restricted randomization of neighbour-balanced designs are discussed.
Monod, Herve, Bailey, R.A.
openaire   +3 more sources

Decision List Compression by Mild Random Restrictions [PDF]

Journal of the ACM, 2020
A decision list is an ordered list of rules. Each rule is specified by a term, which is a conjunction of literals, and a value. Given an input, the output of a decision list is the value corresponding to the first rule whose term is satisfied by the input.
Lovett, Shachar, Wu, Kewen, Zhang, Jiapeng   +2 more
openaire   +8 more sources

Sequential monitoring with conditional randomization tests

, 2012
Sequential monitoring in clinical trials is often employed to allow for early stopping and other interim decisions, while maintaining the type I error rate.
Plamadeala, Victoria, Rosenberger, William F.   +1 more
core   +1 more source

ERDO - a framework to select an appropriate randomization procedure for clinical trials

BMC Medical Research Methodology, 2017
Background Randomization is considered to be a key feature to protect against bias in randomized clinical trials. Randomization induces comparability with respect to known and unknown covariates, mitigates selection bias, and provides a basis for ...
Ralf-Dieter Hilgers, Diane Uschner, William F. Rosenberger, Nicole Heussen   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source

Impact of phenylalanine on cognitive, cerebral, and neurometabolic parameters in adult patients with phenylketonuria (the PICO study): a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, noninferiority trial

Trials, 2020
Background The population of adult patients with early-treated phenylketonuria (PKU) following newborn screening is growing substantially. The ideal target range of blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels in adults outside pregnancy is a matter of debate ...
Roman Trepp, Raphaela Muri, Stephanie Abgottspon, Lenka Bosanska, Michel Hochuli, Johannes Slotboom, Christian Rummel, Roland Kreis, Regula Everts   +8 more
doaj   +1 more source

Depression and risk of sarcopenia: a national cohort and Mendelian randomization study

Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2023
BackgroundDepression and the increased risk of sarcopenia are prevalent among the elderly population. However, the causal associations between these factors remain unclear.
Qian Zhong, Lisha Jiang, Kang An, Lin Zhang, Shuangqing Li, Zhenmei An   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source