Results 131 to 140 of about 820 (190)

From Estimation to Discrimination: Algorithmic Bias, Predictive Uncertainty, and Anti‐Discrimination Law

open access: yesThe Modern Law Review, EarlyView.
Machine learning (ML) systems, increasingly deployed in high‐stakes decision‐making, inherently produce uncertain outputs that can lead to unlawful discrimination. This article provides the first legal analysis of how predictive uncertainty in ML systems interacts with UK anti‐discrimination law under the Equality Act 2010.
Holli Sargeant
wiley   +1 more source

A ‘Wholly Unjustifiable Treatment of British Subject’? The Detention of W. T. Goode in the Baltic, 1919

open access: yesHistory, Volume 111, Issue 396, Page 386-403, June 2026.
Abstract In the summer of 1919, W. T. Goode, the Manchester Guardian’s special correspondent in Russia and the Baltic, was arrested in the Estonian capital Tallinn and briefly detained aboard a British warship. Goode's detention caused a furore, leading to accusations of kidnap, heated commentary in the press and questions in parliament.
Colin Storer
wiley   +1 more source

State of the Field: Royal Studies and Court Studies

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract Monarchy, as the world's oldest and most enduring form of political organization, is an area that has attracted the attention of scholars from a range of disciplines. Two connected and complementary fields embody this interdisciplinary study of monarchy and monarchies: royal studies, which takes an all‐encompassing approach to monarchy, and ...
Jonathan Spangler, Elena Woodacre
wiley   +1 more source

School Board Elections in England and Wales, 1870–1902: An Electoral Experiment?

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract The 1870 Elementary Education Act enabled the creation of school boards in England and Wales. Members were directly elected by the cumulative vote. This method gave each individual voter as many votes as there were seats on a school board, in some cases up to fifteen.
ED GREEN
wiley   +1 more source

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