Results 141 to 150 of about 374,993 (202)
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IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 1968
The secondary-emission process, which is fundamental to photomultipliers used in scintillation counters, can be considered to consist of three physical processes: (1) excitation of secondary electrons, (2) transport of these electrons through the solid, and (3) transport through the vacuum-solid interface.
R. E. Simon, B. F. Williams
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The secondary-emission process, which is fundamental to photomultipliers used in scintillation counters, can be considered to consist of three physical processes: (1) excitation of secondary electrons, (2) transport of these electrons through the solid, and (3) transport through the vacuum-solid interface.
R. E. Simon, B. F. Williams
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International Technical Digest on Electron Devices Meeting, 2003
The secondary electron emission of pure metals, cathodes and insulators was measured. The secondary electron emission yield was measured at room temperature and at temperatures up to 1100 degrees C. The cathodes were life-tested at 850 degrees C and were measured at regular intervals at room temperature during a period of 10000 h.
A.M. Shroff, J.C. Tonnerre
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The secondary electron emission of pure metals, cathodes and insulators was measured. The secondary electron emission yield was measured at room temperature and at temperatures up to 1100 degrees C. The cathodes were life-tested at 850 degrees C and were measured at regular intervals at room temperature during a period of 10000 h.
A.M. Shroff, J.C. Tonnerre
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Cluster induced secondary electron emission
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics, 1976Abstract By means of a new ion-electron converter having a spherically shaped stainless-steel conversion electrode, the electron yields of various atomic ions, molecular ions and cluster ions were investigated for a fixed ion energy of 15 keV. The pulse height distributions obtained can be approximately described by Poisson distributions for atomic ...
Staudenmaier, G., Hofer, W., Liebl, H.
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Secondary electron emission and vacuum electronics
Journal of Applied Physics, 2023Secondary electron emission serves as the foundation for a broad range of vacuum electronic devices and instrumentation, from particle detectors and multipliers to high-power amplifiers. While secondary yields of at least 3–4 are required in practical applications, the emitter stability can be compromised by surface dynamics during operation.
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Secondary electron emission Part V. The mechanism of secondary electron emission
Physica, 1939Abstract With the aid of a simple energy scheme (fig. 1) it can be understood, that the compounds of metals with a low ionisation energy, consisting of ions with closed electron shells, (table I) have a high capacity for secondary electron emission, whereas the compounds of metals with a high ionisation energy (table II) have a relatively low ...
H. Bruining, J.H. de Boer
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Secondary electron emission studies
Applied Surface Science, 1997Abstract Secondary-electron-emission processes under electron bombardment play an important role in the performance of a variety of electron devices. While in some devices, the anode and the grid require materials that suppress the secondary-electron-generation process, the crossed-field amplifier (CFA) is an example where the cathode requires an ...
A. Shih, J. Yater, C. Hor, R. Abrams
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Secondary-electron-emission spectrum of diamond
Physical Review B, 1991The secondary-electron-emission spectrum has been measured for diamond (110) type 2{ital a}. Peaks at 6, 14.4, and 22.9 eV with respect to the top of the valence band were observed. The 6-eV peak was associated with the conduction-band minimum, whereas the 14.4- and 22.9-eV peaks were associated with electronic transitions to higher conduction bands ...
, Hoffman, , Folman, , Prawer
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Secondary electron emission database
Fifth IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX786), 2004We have designed a unique measurement system that will enable backscattered electron data collection in the complete (energy and angle) parameter space. Specifically, this design allows for the incident beam energy to extend from 50 eV up to 30 keV. Secondly, sample rotation allows for variation of the incident angle. Finally, and most importantly, the
J.E. Yater, A. Shih, C. Hor, B. Levush
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Secondary electron emission Part IV. Compounds with a high capacity for secondary electron emission
Physica, 1939Abstract It is shown that a pure compound of an alkali metal has a high capacity for secondary electron emission. It is pointed out that the electrons fixed to the atoms of the electro-negative element (the electrons in the highest occupied energy band) have the greatest chance of being emitted as secondary electrons.
Bruining, H., de Boer, J. H.
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Secondary Electron—Electron Emission
1969The secondary electron emission of metals under the influence of electrons, first discovered by Austin and Starke [5] in 1902, has taken on considerable practical importance in recent years.
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