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Overlapping soft budget constraints
Journal of Urban Economics, 2010Our paper identifies a potential problem with decentralization at a time when its virtues are widely extolled. We show that responsibility for equalization at multi-levels within a decentralized federation creates an overlapping equalization policy that can worsen fiscal discipline.
Breuillé, Marie-Laure +1 more
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1994
Abstract One of the most important questions in identifying the behaviour and performance of enterprises in any economy is that of what happens when they veer towards financial insolvency. Even if few enterprises actually face this situation and even for enterprises that have never faced it, their views on the consequences of ...
Donald Hay +3 more
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Abstract One of the most important questions in identifying the behaviour and performance of enterprises in any economy is that of what happens when they veer towards financial insolvency. Even if few enterprises actually face this situation and even for enterprises that have never faced it, their views on the consequences of ...
Donald Hay +3 more
openaire +1 more source
Soft budget constraints in professional football
European Sport Management Quarterly, 2012Professional football in Europe is characterized by persistent deficits and growing debts among the majority of the top league clubs. Despite these problems, the clubs have an abnormally high survival rate. This paper focuses on this apparent paradox and poses the question: Why do only very few European professional football clubs go out of business ...
Storm, Rasmus K., Nielsen, Klaus
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Bribery in Voting With Soft Constraints
Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2013We consider a multi-agent scenario where a collection of agents needs to select a common decision from a large set of decisions over which they express their preferences. This decision set has a combinatorial structure, that is, each decision is an element of the Cartesian product of the domains of some variables.
PINI, MARIA SILVIA +2 more
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Modeling with Soft Constraints
2014With hard constraints we deal with straight lines, discontinuities, and discrete probability states. This makes the modeling much easier but can hide some very important aspects of optimization of physical assets. Here we explore the softening of hard limits and discrete states.
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SOGgy Constraints: Soft Open Global Constraints
2009We investigate soft open constraints. We generalize and unify classes of soft constraints and adapt them to the open setting. We give sufficient conditions for generalized classes of decomposition-based and edit-based soft constraints to be contractible. Finally, we outline a propagator for an open generalized edit-based soft Regular constraint.
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ACM SIGNUM Newsletter, 1987
Search algorithms solve a problem by evaluating a user defined function at a sequence of points that tend to converge to the desired solution. If the function contains an expression such as (cos x - e y sin z) 1/2 which can not be evaluated at some points, the search algorithm may fail at ...
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Search algorithms solve a problem by evaluating a user defined function at a sequence of points that tend to converge to the desired solution. If the function contains an expression such as (cos x - e y sin z) 1/2 which can not be evaluated at some points, the search algorithm may fail at ...
openaire +1 more source
Soft actuators for real-world applications
Nature Reviews Materials, 2021Meng Li, Aniket Pal, Amirreza Aghakhani
exaly
Staging Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Evolution and Change
Ca-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2006Alexander J F Lazar
exaly