Performance of Grounding Electrodes Under Lightning Strokes in Uniform and Two-Layer Soils Considering Soil Ionization [PDF]
IEEE Access, 2022 This article presented the characteristics of the grounding electrodes in uniform and two layer soils when subjected to lightning including the impacts of soil ionization with frequency, soil resistivity, and permittivity variations.
Osama E. Gouda +4 more
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Studying Direct Lightning Stroke Impact on Human Safety Near HVTL Towers Considering Two Layer Soils and Ionization Influence [PDF]
IEEE Access, 2023 A lightning strike is considered one of the most risky natural phenomena that can lead to human harmful and the surrounding soil layers. To tackle this issue, this article investigates the influence of direct lightning characteristics in terms of human ...
Osama E. Gouda +4 more
doaj +2 more sources
Analysis of grounding system transient with consideration of soil ionization and mutual coupling effect [PDF]
Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology, 2023 The grounding system of an electrical substation provides safety to both operator and equipment. The lightning current waveform has a major influence on the dynamic performance of ground electrodes.
Kaushal Pratap Sengar +1 more
doaj +2 more sources
Ionization constants of a soil fulvic acid [PDF]
Analusis, 1999 In the study of acid-base reactions the non-electrostatic models do not consider the charge over the fulvic acid (FA) molecule. In the present work we used the discrete site model which considers the acidic groups as independent sites without interactions. The effect of the electric charge is assumed negligible or constant.
A. Ramos +5 more
openaire +2 more sources
Changes in the Bioavailability of Ionizable Herbicides in Volcanic Soils Due to Soil Acidification by Urea as Fertilizer [PDF]
AgronomyThe application of urea as a nitrogen fertilizer and herbicide is a common practice in agricultural systems. However, there is no background information on how the soil acidification caused by urea might affect the herbicide bioavailability in volcanic soils. The persistence study was conducted under microcosm incubation conditions in two Andisol soils
Graciela Palma +4 more
openaire +4 more sources
Analysis of Soil Ionization Behaviors under Impulse Currents
Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, 2009 This paper presents the characteristics of soil ionization for different water contents, and the parameters associated with the dynamic properties of a simple model grounding system subject to lightning impulse currents. The laboratory experiments for this study were carried out based on factors affecting the soil resistivities.
Bok-Hee Lee +3 more
exaly +3 more sources
GPR of Multiple Vertical Rods under Lightning Strokes Considering Ionization, Dispersion, and Non-Homogeneity of Lossy Soils [PDF]
AUT Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023 In this paper, the effects of ionization and dispersion of a lossy soil on the Grounding Potential Rise (GPR) of buried multiple vertical rods under lightning return strokes are simultaneously studied. In all studies, an efficient modeling method, called
Saeed Reza Ostadzadeh +2 more
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Investigations on the Performance of Various Horizontal Ground Electrodes
Energies, 2021 Experimental work on grounding systems has shown that the characteristics of grounding systems under high impulse conditions are different than those obtained at steady-state conditions.
Hanis Hamizah Hizamul-Din +4 more
doaj +1 more source
Disease management in soilless culture systems [PDF]
, 2010 EU legislation, laid down in the Water Framework Directive, demands to minimize emissions of nitrogen, phosphate and crop protection products to achieve an excellent chemical and ecological quality in 2015.
Os, E.A., van
core +14 more sources
Overview of Transient Simulations of Grounding Systems under Surge Conditions
Energies, 2022 The present paper gives an overview of modelling methods of standard grounding systems under surge conditions, using the non-uniform transmission line approach.
Tomasz Kisielewicz, Milton Cuenca
doaj +1 more source