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Energetic particles in solar flares
AIP Conference Proceedings, 1979The principal properties of energetic particles accelerated in solar flares are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the high energy flare component whose acceleration is often referred to as second phase acceleration. Stochastic Fermi acceleration is treated analytically, and the results of the computation are compared with particle and gamma ...
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Composition of energetic particles from solar flares
Advances in Space Research, 1994We present a model for composition of heavy ions in the solar energetic particles (SEP). The SEP composition in a typical large solar particle event reflects the composition of the Sun, with adjustments due to fractionation effects which depend on the first ionization potential (FIP) of the ion and on the ratio of ionic charge to mass (Q/M).
Garrard, T. L., Stone, E. C.
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Solar Energetic Particle Charge States: An Overview
Space Science Reviews, 2006The ionic charge distributions of solar energetic particles (SEP) as observed in interplanetary space provide fundamental information about the origin of these particles, and the acceleration and propagation processes at the Sun and in interplanetary space.
Klecker, B., Möbius, E., Popecki, M.
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Classification of solar energetic particles
Advances in Space Research, 2002While it is now common to refer to a solar event as “impulsive” or “gradual,” the classification of the event can be difficult in practice and does not completely clarify the characteristics of solar energetic particles. In particular, a single event can produce multiple particle populations with distinct physical properties.
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Propagation of Energetic Solar Particles
1985In this Section we present some observational data on energetic particles accelerated on the Sun; these data are required for constructing models of particle propagation in interplanetary space. The data presented are only basic and not totally complete.
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Solar Energetic Particles: An Overview
2006This paper presents an overview of what we know about energetic particles from the sun, discusses where progress still needs to be made, and briefly enumerates what steps need to be taken next in order to better understand how and where solar electrons and ions are accelerated to high energies.
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Advancing Solar Energetic Particle Forecasting
Bulletin of the AAS, 2023Kathryn Whitman +13 more
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Elemental Composition of Solar Energetic Particles
1981The Low Energy Telescopes on the Voyager spacecraft are used to measure the elemental composition (2 ≤ Z ≤ 28) and energy spectra (5 to 15 MeV /nucleon) of solar energetic particles (SEPs) in seven large flare events. Four flare events are selected which have SEP abundance ratios approximately independent of energy/nucleon.
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Molecular engineering of contact interfaces for high-performance perovskite solar cells
Nature Reviews Materials, 2022Furkan H Isikgor +2 more
exaly
Stability challenges for the commercialization of perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells
Nature Reviews Materials, 2023Leiping Duan, Kylie R Catchpole
exaly