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Sound localization

2015
The auditory system derives locations of sound sources from spatial cues provided by the interaction of sound with the head and external ears. Those cues are analyzed in specific brainstem pathways and then integrated as cortical representation of locations.
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Sound localization

Monatsschrift fur Ohrenheilkunde und Laryngo-Rhinologie, 2004
Human hearing system is not only capable of hearing sound, but also localizing its source. But, the understanding of the process came not so long ago and even in the 21st century it isn't complete. The revelations in this area of science are of great importance, especially in generating virtual reality systems.
Periša, Danijel   +2 more
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Sound localization on a horizontal surface: virtual and real sound source localization

Virtual Reality, 2015
As the technology improves and their cost decreases, tabletop computers and their inherent ability to promote collaboration amongst users are gaining in popularity. Their use in virtual reality-based applications including virtual training environments and gaming where multi-user interactions are common is poised to grow.
Jonathan Lam   +5 more
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Mechanisms of Sound Localization in Mammals

Physiological Reviews, 2010
The ability to determine the location of a sound source is fundamental to hearing. However, auditory space is not represented in any systematic manner on the basilar membrane of the cochlea, the sensory surface of the receptor organ for hearing. Understanding the means by which sensitivity to spatial cues is computed in central neurons can therefore ...
Benedikt, Grothe   +2 more
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On Sound Localization

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1938
The binaural cues for sound localization are effective only in determining the angle between a given direction of sound and the axis of the ears (lateral angle). Since there is localization in the median plane, a second factor should be found which determines the direction of sound in this dimension.
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Sound Localization

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1959
When one listens to a transient type signal from two equidistant loudspeakers in free space, he experiences the sensation of a single well-defined source. The apparent position of the source can be altered by adjusting the relative outputs of the two speakers, by delaying the signal from one or by a combination of level and delay adjustments.
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Synaptic depression in the localization of sound

Nature, 2003
Short-term synaptic plasticity, which is common in the central nervous system, may contribute to the signal processing functions of both temporal integration and coincidence detection. For temporal integrators, whose output firng rate depends on a running average of recent synaptic inputs, plasticity modulates input synaptic strength and thus may ...
Daniel L, Cook   +3 more
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Localization of Sound

2013
The ability to localize the source of a sound is important to the survival of human beings and other animals. Although we regard sound localization as a common, natural ability, it is actually rather complicated. It involves a number of different physical, psychological, and physiological, processes.
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Neural Mechanisms for Sound Localization

Annual Review of Physiology, 1984
Although the efforts to find a place map of sound direction within the auditory system of mammals has been reinspired by the recent discoveries in owl, progress to date has not been encouraging. Neither the inferior colliculus nor auditory cortex has yielded immediate evidence of such a map, despite ingenious and persistent efforts to find it. Thus, at
R B, Masterton, T J, Imig
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Active stereo sound localization

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2003
Estimating the direction of arrival of sound in three-dimensional space is typically performed by generalized time-delay processing on a set of signals from a fixed array of omnidirectional microphones. This requires specialized multichannel A/D hardware, and careful arrangement of the microphones into an array.
Greg L, Reid, Evangelos, Milios
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