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Vectors and Vector Spaces

2017
In this chapter we discuss a wide range of basic topics related to vectors of real numbers. Some of the properties carry over to vectors over other fields, such as complex numbers, but the reader should not assume this. Occasionally, for emphasis, we will refer to “real” vectors or “real” vector spaces, but unless it is stated otherwise, we are ...
Garrett Birkhoff, Saunders Mac Lane
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Fuzzy vector spaces

Information Sciences, 1991
Abstract Let V denote a vector space over a field F and let A denote a fuzzy subspace of V over a fuzzy subfield K of F . Let X be a fuzzy subset of V such that X ⊆ A and let 〈 X 〉 denote the intersection of all fuzzy subspaces of V over K that contain X and are contained in A . We characterize the fuzzy subspace 〈 X 〉 of A
D. S. Malik, John N. Mordeson
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ON VALUATIONS OF VECTOR SPACES

JP Journal of Algebra, Number Theory and Applications, 2016
Let \(R\) be an integral domain with quotient field \(K\) and assume that \(M\) is a unitary torsion-free \(R\)-module. Following the paper [\textit{J. Moghaderi} and \textit{R. Nekooei}, Int. Electron. J. Algebra 8, 18--29 (2010; Zbl 1257.13002)] the authors call \(M\) a valuation module if for each \(0\neq x\in K\), either \(xM\subseteq M\) or \(x ...
Irwan, Sri Efrinita   +2 more
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Roughness in vector spaces

2011 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing, 2011
Rough set theory proposed by Pawlak, is a complementary generalization of classical set theory. The relations between rough sets and algebraic systems endowed with two binary operations such as rings, groups and semigroups have been already considered. Wu, Xie and Cao defined a pair of rough approximation operators based on a sub-space.
Mingfen Wu, Xiangyun Xie
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