Results 181 to 190 of about 4,935 (227)

Barrier and Spermicidal Contraceptives in Adolescence

Adolescent Medicine Clinics, 2005
This article describes both barrier and spermicide methods of contraception including the male and female condom, diaphragm, contraceptive sponge, Lea Shield, cervical cap and multiple spermicide options. Their efficacy, differences and proper use are discussed with an emphasis on the adolescent user.
Jenna, McNaught, Mary Anne, Jamieson
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Vaginal Spermicides and Congenital Disorders

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 1981
Among 763 liveborn infants of white women who had obtained a vaginal spermicide in the ten months before conception, the prevalence of certain major congenital anomalies was 2.2%. The prevalence of such anomalies in a comparison group of 3,902 infants was 1.0%.
H, Jick, A M, Walker, K J, Rothman, J R, Hunter, L B, Holmes, R N, Watkins, D C, D'Ewart, A, Danford, S, Madsen   +8 more
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In vitro spermicidal activity of gossypol

Contraception, 1980
The in vitro spermicidal effect of gossypol, gossypol acetic acid and gossypol-polyvinylpyrrol idone was investigated. Gossypol-polyvinylmulations. Thus, gossypol in an appropriate chemical form may be useful as a spermicide.
D P, Waller, L J, Zaneveld, H H, Fong
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Birth Defects and Vaginal Spermicides

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 1982
In a cohort study of 50, 282 pregnancies recruited between 1958 and 1965, there were 462 gravidae who used nonmercurial spermicides (mostly nonoxynol-9 (95% confidence limits, 0.6 to 1.6). There were also 889 women who used phenylmercuric acetate (no longer available as a spermicide); the corresponding rate ratio was 0.9 (0.6 to 1.3).
S, Shapiro, D, Slone, O P, Heinonen, D W, Kaufman, L, Rosenberg, A A, Mitchell, S P, Helmrich   +6 more
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Barriers and spermicides

1989
Barrier methods of contraception, as the name implies, are those which provide a mechanical barrier between the sperm and the ovum. This form of contraception has a long history and details of very bizarre and amusing objects which have been used for this purpose can be found dating far back into the past and make colourful reading.
Ann Cowper, Cyril Young
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On the spermicidal properties of urea solutions

Contraception, 1974
Abstract Following recent claims of spermicidal capabilities for urea solutions, these properties were investigated in vitro at isotonic and non-isotonic concentrations. The results obtained show that the spermicidal effects previously observed were due to lack of isotonicity of the solutions used and stress the importance of testing ...
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Experiences with a tampon-spermicide device

Contraception, 1981
A tampon applicator is described in which a spermicidal solution is stored in the plunger and released into a disposable tampon just prior to insertion of the tampon. The experiences of 26 volunteers who used the device at the time of coitus suggest that the method is both acceptable and feasible, although four of the ten subjects attempting tampon ...
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Spermicidal Activity of Bacterial Endotoxin

Nature, 1962
THE endotoxins of Gram-negative bacteria are a group of macromolecular lipopolysaccharide complexes which, on administration to experimental animals, produce a wide variety of physiological and pathological alterations1,2. Despite the similarity of some of the pathological findings in these varied reactions neither a common factor nor a basic mechanism
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Spermicide used alone for contraception

2005
Spermicides have been used as contraceptives for thousands of years. Despite this long use, only recently have studies examined the comparative efficacy and acceptability of these vaginal medications. Spermicides contain an active ingredient (most commonly nonoxynol-9) and a formulation used to disperse the product, such as foam or vaginal suppository ...
David A, Grimes, Laureen M, Lopez, Elizabeth G, Raymond, Vera, Halpern, Kavita, Nanda, Kenneth F, Schulz   +5 more
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Barrier-Spermicide Use and Bacteriuria

JAMA, 1991
To the Editor.— The study " Escherichia coli Bacteriuria and Contraceptive Method" 1 is potentially misleading. It must be noted that findings are of increased colonization only, not infection, correlated with barrier-spermicide use. Is the documented vaginal flora alteration from the spermicide or from the latex of the condoms or diaphragm?
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