Results 211 to 220 of about 125,304 (264)
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Standard of proof should not be lowered
Veterinary Record, 2020It was disappointing to read the news article ‘Standard of proof for disciplinaries could change’ ( VR , 18 January 2020, vol 186, p 43). As a former member of the RCVS Disciplinary and Preliminary Investigation Committees I have deep concerns about changing the standard of proof from the current ‘so as to be sure’ to the civil standard ‘on balance of ...
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SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012
This essay develops a formal framework for selecting welfare-enhancing standards of proofs. It reduces the inquiry to one equation with five variables and graphs the decision space in which each standard of proof dominates. The value of that exercise is demonstrated by applying the model in three contexts: (1) private party litigation, (2) government ...
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This essay develops a formal framework for selecting welfare-enhancing standards of proofs. It reduces the inquiry to one equation with five variables and graphs the decision space in which each standard of proof dominates. The value of that exercise is demonstrated by applying the model in three contexts: (1) private party litigation, (2) government ...
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2017
When can we consider that an attack is attributed, if attribution is not dependent on court proceedings? Do we need "appropriate" standards for the attribution of cyber attacks? What would such standards look like? This chapter starts by noting that there is a mismatch between how attribution functions, and how the law operates.
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When can we consider that an attack is attributed, if attribution is not dependent on court proceedings? Do we need "appropriate" standards for the attribution of cyber attacks? What would such standards look like? This chapter starts by noting that there is a mismatch between how attribution functions, and how the law operates.
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2003
Abstract If the conclusion to which you are conducted be that there is that degree of certainty in the case which you would act upon in your own grave and important concerns, that is the degree of certainty which the law requires and which will justify you in returning a verdict of guilty.
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Abstract If the conclusion to which you are conducted be that there is that degree of certainty in the case which you would act upon in your own grave and important concerns, that is the degree of certainty which the law requires and which will justify you in returning a verdict of guilty.
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2019
Abstract This chapter elaborates on the civil standard of proof universally applied by all tribunals and committees in professional conduct proceedings. The Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal and the Bar Tribunals and Adjudication Service transitioned arrangements for the tribunal to apply the civil standard concerning allegations ...
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Abstract This chapter elaborates on the civil standard of proof universally applied by all tribunals and committees in professional conduct proceedings. The Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal and the Bar Tribunals and Adjudication Service transitioned arrangements for the tribunal to apply the civil standard concerning allegations ...
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On transforming intuitionistic matrix proofs into standard-sequent proofs
1995We present a procedure transforming intuitionistic matrix proofs into proofs within the intuitionistic standard sequent calculus. The transformation is based on L. Wallen's proof justifying his matrix characterization for the validity of intuitionistic formulae.
Stephan Schmitt, Christoph Kreitz
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The Burden of Proof and Standards of Proof
Abstract This chapter assesses the meaning of the burden of proof and the interpretation of the presumption of innocence in international criminal trials. It also analyses the ‘no case to answer’ or ‘decision on a motion for a judgment of acquittal’ procedure as a function of the presumption of innocence, and how Trial Chambers have ...openaire +1 more source
4. The Burden and Standard of Proof
2015This first part of the chapter discusses the concept of burden of proof, covering the legal or persuasive burden of proof; the evidential burden; the effect of presumptions on the burden of proof; the legal burden of proof in civil cases; the evidential burden in civil cases; the burden of proof in criminal cases; defence burdens of proof before ...
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The trouble with standards of proof
Synthese, 2020The “beyond a reasonable doubt” standard of proof, currently used in criminal trials, is notoriously vague and undermotivated. This paper discusses two popular strategies for justifying our choice of a particular precise interpretation of the standard: the “ratio-to-standard strategy” identifies a desired ratio of trial outcomes and then argues that a ...
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On the Logic of the Standard Proof Predicate
2000In [2] S. Artemov introduced the logic of proofs LP describing provability in an arbitrary system. In this paper we present the logic LPM of the standard multiple conclusion proof predicate in Peano Arithmetic with the negative introspection operation. We establish the completeness of LPM with respect to the intended arithmetical semantics.
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