Results 191 to 200 of about 9,912 (256)

African Economic Growth Revisited

open access: yesJournal of International Development, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT This paper presents an updated analysis of the patterns of economic development in Africa over the last 60 years. The analysis stresses the heterogeneity of development trajectories among sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries. We examine the joint dynamics of income and population in 35 SSA countries.
Jean‐Paul Chavas, Daniel W. Bromley
wiley   +1 more source

Economic approaches to measuring labor exploitation in agriculture: A systematic literature review of indicators and methodologies

open access: yesJournal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, EarlyView.
Abstract Agriculture remains highly vulnerable to labor exploitation, affecting almost two million workers worldwide and drawing increasing attention, particularly within the framework of Sustainable Development Goal 8 of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. However, the informal nature of exploitation and fragmented data complicate its analysis.
Claudio Mirabella   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

Spatial Lock‐In and Reclamation Delay in Coal‐Subsidence Landscapes: Land Degradation Under Passive Water‐Retention Strategies

open access: yesLand Degradation &Development, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT In coal‐grain composite regions, intensive underground coal extraction causes large‐scale surface subsidence; under shallow groundwater conditions, these subsided landscapes rapidly transform former croplands into persistent open water bodies, creating long‐term inundated landscapes. Passive water‐retention strategies in these areas often rely
Ruihao Cui   +6 more
wiley   +1 more source

Bayesian Optimization of Grayscale Patterns for Layer‐Height Accuracy in Projection Multi‐Photon 3D Printing

open access: yesLaser &Photonics Reviews, EarlyView.
Bayesian optimization combined with in situ quantitative phase imaging enables autonomous correction of layer‐height deviations in projection multi‐photon lithography. By jointly tuning model parameters and grayscale exposure settings, the method achieves more uniform and accurate layers within 300 prints, offering a fast, data‐efficient route to ...
Jason E. Johnson, Xianfan Xu
wiley   +1 more source

Reconfigurable Giant Nonreciprocity at Near‐Normal Incidence via Phase‐Change Magneto‐Optical Metagratings

open access: yesLaser &Photonics Reviews, EarlyView.
A phase‐change magneto‐optical metagrating combines GST switching with InAs guided‐mode resonances to achieve strong nonreciprocal absorption contrast near normal incidence. A static magnetic bias creates direction‐dependent resonant splitting, while GST crystallization quenches and latches the response.
Ye Ming Qing   +5 more
wiley   +1 more source

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