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Instrumental variables: to strengthen or not to strengthen?
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society, 2023Abstract Instrumental variables (IVs) are extensively used to handle unmeasured confounding. However, weak IVs may cause problems. Many matched studies have considered strengthening an IV through discarding some of the sample. It is widely accepted that strengthening an IV tends to increase the power of non-parametric tests and ...
Siyu Heng +4 more
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Strengthening Aqueous Electrolytes without Strengthening Water
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2023AbstractAqueous electrolytes typically suffer from poor electrochemical stability; however, eutectic aqueous solutions—25 wt.% LiCl and 62 wt.% H3PO4—cooled to −78 °C exhibit a significantly widened stability window. Integrated experimental and simulation results reveal that, upon cooling, Li+ ions become less hydrated and pair up with Cl−, ice‐like ...
Longteng Tang +13 more
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Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 2012
Pregnant women have varying degrees of awareness of their unborn baby's fitness. A challenge for midwives is to strengthen awareness and use the information from the unborn baby's mother to increase the possibility for a healthy baby to be born. A special kind of mindfulness, here referred to as mindfetalness are suggested to be a concept to use in ...
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Pregnant women have varying degrees of awareness of their unborn baby's fitness. A challenge for midwives is to strengthen awareness and use the information from the unborn baby's mother to increase the possibility for a healthy baby to be born. A special kind of mindfulness, here referred to as mindfetalness are suggested to be a concept to use in ...
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Strengthening Research in Europe
Science, 2002E urope's future prosperity depends heavily on the next generation of researchers. Yet even as Europe coalesces around big ideas such as the European Research Area and a single currency, its academic system remains fragmented.
Enric, Banda +2 more
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Substructure strengthening in dispersion-strengthened nickel alloys
Metallurgical Transactions, 1971Pure nickel, 80 pct Ni-20 pct Cr, 98 pct Ni-2 pct ThO2, and 78 pct Ni-20 pct Cr-2 pct ThO2 were studied in a wide range of thermomechanical conditions to identify strengthening mechanisms in the dispersion-strengthened materials. An X-ray line profile technique was used to determine the distribution of lattice strain, the crystallite domain size and ...
M. A. Clegg, J. A. Lund
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