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Subtractive Categories and Extended Subtractions

Applied Categorical Structures, 2009
We introduce a notion of an extended operation which should serve as a new tool for the study of categories like Mal’tsev, unital, strongly unital and subtractive categories. However, in the present paper we are only concerned with subtractive categories, and accordingly, most of the time we will deal with extended subtractions, which are particular ...
Dominique Bourn, Zurab Janelidze
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Photographic Subtraction

Acta Radiologica. Diagnosis, 1975
The purpose of subtraction of angiographic images is to demonstrate the vessels free of superimposed, disturbing image noise. With the aid of physical film parameters the theoretic basis for an optimum subtraction technique is presented.
U. Welander, Ch. Hårdstedt
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Subtractive Hybridization

2007
Subtractive hybridization, like serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), RNA arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (RAP-PCR) and microarrays, is a screening method for differentially expressed genes. At first, poly-A+-RNA is isolated and reverse transcribed into cDNA. With the SMART technology, total RNA can be used.
Jörg H W, Distler   +3 more
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Subtraction in Morphology

2020
Subtraction consists in shortening the shape of the word. It operates on morphological bases such as roots, stems, and words in word-formation and inflection. Cognitively, subtraction is the opposite of affixation, since the latter adds meaning and form (an overt affix) to roots, stems, or words, while the former adds meaning through subtraction of ...
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The Pluses of Subtraction

Science, 1993
A general problem in genetics is the identification of specific DNA sequence differences underlying phenotypic variation. These differences can be foreign DNA segments from an infecting pathogen that integrate into a host genome, spontaneously arising DNA rearrangements or point mutations that cause cancer in somatic tissues, or a wide variety of ...
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Holographic Subtraction

Applied Optics, 1971
A holographic technique by which two dissimilar optical fields can be subtracted to yield only their difference is presented. The principle underlying this technique is that of optical interference between a holographically reconstructed field and a direct real-time one. Experimental verification is presented for the three cases of image-plane, fourier-
K, Bromley   +3 more
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Subtraction Sialography

Radiology, 1977
Subtraction sialography is described and demonstrated to be a simple yet helpful technique in evaluating the salivary glands. The improved visualization of the ductal system is demonstrated.
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Subtraction digital holography

Applied Optics, 2003
Overlapping of the desired (first-order) and undesired (zero-order) terms originating from the recorded primary-fringe patterns in digital holography is a problem without a real-time solution. We propose a procedure for suppressing the zero-order disturbance that is realizable in real time.
Nazif Demoli   +2 more
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SUBTRACT: a computer program for modeling the process of subtractive hybridization

Bioinformatics, 1995
We report on a new software tool, SUBTRACT, which allows the analysis of the possible strategies for an experiment based on a mathematical model of subtractive hybridization. The program helps the experimenter choose the optimal strategy and conditions for performing the reaction.
Olga D. Ermolaeva, Mark C. Wagner
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Optimization of subtractive hybridization in construction of subtractive cDNA libraries

Genetic Analysis: Biomolecular Engineering, 1994
The efficiency of subtraction, integrity of residual single-stranded cDNA, and efficient recovery of nanogram quantities of double-stranded cDNA are the three most important factors affecting quality of subtractive hybridization reactions prior to subtractive cDNA library construction.
Gin Wu, Shiawhwa Su, R. Curtis Bird
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