Results 221 to 230 of about 258,223 (262)

Surface energy balance complexity in GCM land surface models

Climate Dynamics, 1999
A large number of land surface models (LSMs) have been designed for use in atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) and GCM modellers therefore have a large number of options when selecting an LSM for their GCM. This study provides information to aid LSM design choices.
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Surface Temperature and the Surface Energy Balance

1988
Surface temperatures, determined from measurements of emitted radiation, can be obtained at scales ranging from a few square millimetres to the global hemisphere. The ability to measure temperatures over large areas has led to the development of techniques for evaluating the surface energy balance at regional scales. In addition to surface temperatures,
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Surface energy balance calculations for small northern lakes

International Journal of Climatology, 2006
An energy balance model is used to determine diurnal surface energy balance components for three different sized high-latitude Canadian lakes in the Mackenzie River Basin (MRB) during the open water seasons of 2000, 2001, and 2002. Surface net radiation is derived from the component fluxes of the radiation balance.
J. Binyamin, W. R. Rouse, J. A. Davies, C. J. Oswald, W. M. Schertzer   +4 more
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Surface Temperature and the Surface Energy Balance: Commentary

1988
The development of a method for measuring evaporation from a remote platform is desirable because it provides perhaps the only way of surveying remote areas and for providing data at the scale and frequency required in many applications. However, the difficulties should not be underestimated. This summary of the discussion at the Symposium following Dr
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Energy Balance, Evaporation, and Surface Temperature

2012
In this chapter, we aim to develop mathematical models of evaporation and surface temperature. For simplicity of presentation, in this modeling chapter, we will omit the overbar on atmospheric variables, but it is understood that these variables are time-averaged quantities.
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Characteristic surface energy balances for different climate types

International Journal of Climatology, 1995
AbstractAn attempt is made to answer the question of whether the different climate types of the Köppen‐Geiger classification are also characterized by distinct annual courses of the surface energy balance terms. For this purpose the KöppenGeiger climate map was linked with Budyko's atlas of the heat balance of the Earth. For every climate area shown on
Helmut Kraus, Adnan Alkhalaf
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Water and Surface Energy Balance Modeling in Botswana

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1989
From January–March 1989 an intensive field campaign was held in the eastern savanna of Botswana, Africa, to collect ground data to parameterize models which can be used to determine the physical status and water-balance terms of the earth's surface by satellite remote sensing.
A. A. Van de Griend, M. Owe, H. F. Vugts, S. D. Prince   +3 more
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The Energy Balance of Non-Uniform Soil Surfaces

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1962
Abstract A “fluxometer” has been developed for estimating the fluxes of latent and sensible heat from bare soil and short grass in any type of terrain. The fluxometer consists of two polyethylene-covered tunnels 50 cm long, 30 cm wide, and 6 to 12 cm high.
William D. Sellers, Carl N. Hodges
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On solving the surface energy balance equation for surface temperature

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1987
Abstract Surface conditions are often assumed to be either “wet” or “dry” when applying the surface energy balance equation (SEBE) in biophysical studies. These somewhat restrictive assumptions facilitate linearization of the highly non-linear SEBE and permit easy solution of the equation. The linearization techniques and the errors introduced by not
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Studies of surface energy balance of sloping terrain

International Journal of Climatology, 1992
AbstractMeasurements of radiation and soil energy balance components were made for a complete solar season on a south and north facing slope on the edge of the Chilterns, England.The contrasts between the two slopes are illustrated on both the diurnal and seasonal time‐scale. It is shown that a consistent relationship exists between daily solar and net
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