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Upgrading obsolete switchgear

Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference, 2003
The history of the development of power circuit breaker overcurrent trip devices from dashpots to digital circuit breakers is presented. The development of the retrofit circuit breaker concept is reviewed. The engineering considerations of retrofitting, economical benefits of retrofitting, sources and brands of retrofit kits, and problems with un-kit ...
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The Mechanics of Electrical Switchgear [PDF]

open access: possibleProceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1934
The importance of mechanics in the design of switchgear is emphasized, and attention is drawn to the desirability of applying to switchgear the best that mechanical science has to offer. The functions of switching apparatus are set out in detail and the forms usually taken by the devices for performing these functions, and their relationships to each ...
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Switchgear standards and standardisation [PDF]

open access: possibleElectronics and Power, 1976
Switchgear has almost 100 years of development history. It has become a total concept of power-system capability in growth, operation, security of supply and in safety. Switchgear techniques have been many and varied, but rationalisation and economic factors have caused preferred arrangements to emerge and become accepted standards.
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Switchgear interlocking with IEC61850

2006 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED 2006), 2006
This paper starts with the history of switchgear interlocking in high voltage substations. In the last fourty years, different principles have been used for that purpose. Coming from pneumatic and electromechanical solutions, in the 1980s the first microprocessor based systems have been introduced successfully into the market.
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High-voltage switchgear

Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1976
The paper begins by summarising the way in which the design of high-voltage (above 1 kV) switchgear has been affected by changes in the constitution of the manufacturing industry, both nationally and internationally, by advances in the knowledge and theory of arcs and circuit breaker operation, and by changing tendencies in service conditions that ...
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Laminated plastics for switchgear

1960 EI National Conference on the Application of Electrical Insulation, 1960
Todays growing distribution systems require economical protective devices with more and more interrupting ability. The current trend in oil circuit breakers is toward interruption of higher currents in a shorter period of time. Fast, efficient performance results in greatly reduced arcing times and the amount of the electrical energy dissipated.
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AC switchgear

1990
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the aspects of switchgear maintenance, the current rating of a circuit breaker, fault ratings, air circuit breakers, vacuum circuit breakers, sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) circuit breakers, automatic control of diesel generator sets, and the factors that affect the current rating of busbars.
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Switchgear type tests

2004
It is not the purpose, or possible, within the scope of this book to provide a detailed step-by-step guide on the procedures to be followed when conducting development and type testing of switchgear. Indeed, such a guide would run into several volumes and, due to detailed changes in specifications that take place from time to time, it would quickly ...
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Bus and Switchgear Protection

IEEE Transactions on Industry and General Applications, 1970
This paper is a first draft of Chapter XI of a proposed publication on preferred practice in system protection and coordination being developed by the Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Committee of the IGA Group. It presents ideas on the application of protective equipment to industrial and commercial power system buses and switchgear.
Samuel P. Axe, William P. Burt
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Switchgear for 2000 and beyond [PDF]

open access: possiblePower Engineering Journal, 2000
Customer values associated with medium-voltage switchgear have undergone a significant shift during the last decade. The privatisation of the electrical distribution industry in the UK has resulted in increased demands on MV switchgear in performance terms, including procurement and operating costs, ease of installation and reduced maintenance.
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