Results 11 to 20 of about 1,910,786 (266)

Bias and negative values of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness estimates from a test-negative design without controlling for prior SARS-CoV-2 infection [PDF]

Nature Communications
Test-negative designs (TNDs) are used to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE). Protection from infection-induced immunity may confound the association between case and vaccination status, but collecting reliable infection history can be challenging.
Ryan E. Wiegand, Bruce Fireman, Morgan Najdowski, Mark W. Tenforde, Ruth Link-Gelles, Jill M. Ferdinands   +5 more
doaj   +4 more sources

An evaluation of a test-negative design for EV-71 vaccine from a randomized controlled trial [PDF]

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2021
Background: The test-negative design has been used widely in evaluation of various vaccines’ effectiveness, such as influenza, rotavirus, and so on. Recently, there have been some studies about EV-71 vaccine effectiveness by using test-negative design ...
Li Zhang, Mingwei Wei, Pengfei Jin, Jingxin Li, Fengcai Zhu   +4 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Measurement of Vaccine Direct Effects Under the Test-Negative Design [PDF]

American Journal of Epidemiology, 2018
Test-negative designs are commonplace in assessments of influenza vaccination effectiveness, estimating this value from the exposure odds ratio of vaccination among individuals treated for acute respiratory illness who test positive for influenza virus infection.
Lewnard, Joseph A, Tedijanto, Christine, Cowling, Benjamin J, Lipsitch, Marc   +3 more
openaire   +5 more sources

Theoretical Basis of the Test-Negative Study Design for Assessment of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness [PDF]

American Journal of Epidemiology, 2016
Influenza viruses undergo frequent antigenic changes. As a result, the viruses circulating change within and between seasons, and the composition of the influenza vaccine is updated annually. Thus, estimation of the vaccine's effectiveness is not constant across seasons.
Tchetgen Tchetgen, EJ, Cowling, BJ, Sullivan, SG   +2 more
openaire   +6 more sources

Sensitivity Analysis for the Test-Negative Design [PDF]

The test-negative design has become popular for evaluating the effectiveness of post-licensure vaccines using observational data. In addition to its logistical convenience on data collection, the design is also believed to control for the differential health-care-seeking behavior between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, which is an important ...
Kundu, Soumyabrata, Ding, Peng, Li, Xinran, Wang, Jingshu   +3 more
openaire   +3 more sources

The test-negative design for estimating influenza vaccination effectiveness

Online Journal of Public Health Informatics, 2017
ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the theoretical basis and the potentialapplications of the test-negative design for estimating influenzavaccination effectiveness in sentinel influenza surveillance.IntroductionThe test-negative design is a variation of the case-control study,in which patients are enrolled in outpatient clinics (and/or hospitals)based on a
Cowling, Benjamin J., Sullivan, Sheena G.   +1 more
openaire   +3 more sources

Estimating protection afforded by prior infection in preventing reinfection: applying the test-negative study design [PDF]

American Journal of Epidemiology, 2022
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to use infection testing databases to rapidly estimate effectiveness of prior infection in preventing reinfection ($P{E}_S$) by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants.
Houssein H. Ayoub, Milan Tomy, Hiam Chemaitelly, Heba N. Altarawneh, Peter Coyle, Patrick Tang, Mohammad R. Hasan, Zaina Al Kanaani, Einas Al Kuwari, Adeel A. Butt, Andrew Jeremijenko, Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal, Ali Nizar Latif, Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik, Gheyath K. Nasrallah, Fatiha M. Benslimane, Hebah A. Al Khatib, Hadi M. Yassine, Mohamed G. Al Kuwari, Hamad Eid Al Romaihi, Hanan F. Abdul-Rahim, Mohamed H. Al-Thani, Abdullatif Al Khal, Roberto Bertollini, Laith J. Abu-Raddad   +24 more
openaire   +6 more sources

Methods to Adjust for Confounding in Test-Negative Design COVID-19 Effectiveness Studies: Simulation Study [PDF]

JMIR Formative Research
BackgroundReal-world COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies are investigating exposures of increasing complexity accounting for time since vaccination. These studies require methods that adjust for the confounding that arises
Elizabeth AK Rowley, Patrick K Mitchell, Duck-Hye Yang, Ned Lewis, Brian E Dixon, Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, William F Fadel, Inih J Essien, Allison L Naleway, Edward Stenehjem, Toan C Ong, Manjusha Gaglani, Karthik Natarajan, Peter Embi, Ryan E Wiegand, Ruth Link-Gelles, Mark W Tenforde, Bruce Fireman   +17 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Potential of the test-negative design for measuring influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review [PDF]

Expert Review of Vaccines, 2014
The test-negative design is a variant of the case-control study being increasingly used to study influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE). In these studies, patients with influenza-like illness are tested for influenza. Vaccine coverage is compared between those testing positive versus those testing negative to estimate VE.We reviewed features in the ...
Sullivan, SG, Cowling, BJ, Feng, S
openaire   +5 more sources

Effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine against laboratory-confirmed influenza among Chinese elderly: a test-negative design [PDF]

BMC Geriatrics
Background Evidence on the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in the elderly is limited, and results are controversial. There are also few reports from China.
Tianchi Yang, Ling Tang, Pingping Li, Baojun Li, Lixia Ye, Jifang Zhou   +5 more
doaj   +2 more sources