Results 81 to 90 of about 723 (172)

Obligation, Exemption and Remission: The Multi‐Layered Functioning of the Poll Tax (Cizye) in Ottoman Governance during the Long Eighteenth Century

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract This article examines the poll tax (Ottoman Turkish cizye; Arabic jizya) levied on non‐Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire, not as a fixed, one‐dimensional tax item within the Ottoman fiscal system but as a multi‐layered administrative instrument organized around obligation, exemption and remission.
ÖZLEM BAŞARIR
wiley   +1 more source

CONSULTANCY STATE: Government as (a) Service and the Anti‐politics of Technological Expertise in Indian Cities

open access: yesInternational Journal of Urban and Regional Research, EarlyView.
Abstract This article analyses ideas of ‘good governance through technology’ in India that first emerged from the software industry, symbolizing state support for the ‘new middle‐class’ values of liberalized private enterprise. We suggest that the contemporary prominence of consulting firms in government represents a second transformation that embeds ...
Matt Birkinshaw, Sanjay Srivastava
wiley   +1 more source

AGRICULTURE IN A SOCIALIST CITY: Towards an Alter‐Urban Political Ecology

open access: yesInternational Journal of Urban and Regional Research, EarlyView.
Abstract Urban political ecology has developed as a critique of capitalist urbanization. This article develops the concept of alter‐urban political ecology to define urban environments emerging not from capitalist urbanization but from efforts to transform it. Drawing on archival research and ethnographic fieldwork in five urban farms in socialist Cuba,
Gustav Cederlöf
wiley   +1 more source

THE TERRITORIALIZATION OF ANGOLA'S REAL ESTATE FRONTIER: How Private‐led Housing Developments are Reshaping the Outskirts of Luanda

open access: yesInternational Journal of Urban and Regional Research, EarlyView.
Abstract Africa is recognized as the final frontier for urbanization and capitalism. Following a long wave of massive loans to promote state‐led developments, small private foreign and local developers are transforming the urban landscape on the outskirts of Luanda, forging partnerships with Angola's national and local governments and developing an ...
Higor Carvalho
wiley   +1 more source

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