Review of the tetrapod skull–neck boundary: implications for the evolution of the atlas–axis complex
ABSTRACT This review describes variation in modern and fossil occiput–atlas–axis complex anatomy of total group Tetrapoda with the aim of documenting the range of structural variation throughout their evolutionary history to establish grounds for comparison of the complex between tetrapod clades.
Dana E. Korneisel, Hillary C. Maddin
wiley +1 more source
Argon-helium cryoablation for thoracic vertebrae with metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma-related hepatitis B: A case report. [PDF]
Tan YW, Ye Y, Sun L.
europepmc +1 more source
Low back pain is a very common problem in the industrialised countries and its associated cost is enormous. Diagnosis of the underlying causes can be extremely difficult. Many studies have focused on mechanical disorders of the spine.
Allen, Robert+2 more
core
Biallelic FGF4 Variants Linked to Thoracic Dystrophy and Respiratory Insufficiency
We report three people from two unrelated families with a clinical diagnosis of thoracic dystrophy characterized by short or missing ribs, narrow chest, and respiratory insufficiency. Affected people each have rare, biallelic, predicted deleterious missense substitutions in FGF4, a gene known to be essential for the formation of the thoracic skeleton ...
Laura M. Watts+8 more
wiley +1 more source
Evaluation of Intervertebral Disc Space Width Between 10th and 11th Thoracic Vertebrae in Cats Using Radiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. [PDF]
Kim J, Kwon D, Kim B, Lee K, Yoon H.
europepmc +1 more source
Transverse process fractures of the thoracic vertebrae-the significance of this injury in the context of medicolegal opinions on high-energy trauma cases. [PDF]
Borowska-Solonynko A, Prokopowicz V.
europepmc +1 more source
The proposed updated classification of humeroradial synostosis is based on the molecular pathways of the genes involved: (1) chondrogenesis and osteogenesis; (2) limb development and patterning; (3) genome regulation. Thus, pathologies belonging to the same molecular type may have overlapping clinical phenotypes, helping to structure the diagnostic ...
Fiona Leduc+5 more
wiley +1 more source
Detection and Analysis of Genes Affecting the Number of Thoracic Vertebrae in Licha Black Pigs. [PDF]
Wang Y+5 more
europepmc +1 more source
Engineering Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: Biomaterials, Cell Sources and Animal Models
This review highlights the current tissue engineering approaches utilising biomaterials, animal models and cell sources for intervertebral disc regeneration and discusses future opportunities. ABSTRACT Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is an age‐related problem triggering chronic spinal issues, such as low back pain and IVD herniation.
Sidong Yang+8 more
wiley +1 more source
Dermoid sinus and bone defects of the fifth thoracic vertebrae in a shih‐tzu [PDF]
José A. Colón+2 more
openalex +1 more source