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Australasian journal of optometry, The, 2017
Thyroid eye disease is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with a spectrum of signs and symptoms. Oftentimes, the diagnosis of thyroid eye disease is straightforward, based upon history and physical examination. The purpose of this review is to assist the eye-care practitioner in staging the severity of thyroid eye disease (mild, moderate-to-severe and
exaly +3 more sources
Thyroid eye disease is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with a spectrum of signs and symptoms. Oftentimes, the diagnosis of thyroid eye disease is straightforward, based upon history and physical examination. The purpose of this review is to assist the eye-care practitioner in staging the severity of thyroid eye disease (mild, moderate-to-severe and
exaly +3 more sources
BMJ, 2009
Thyroid eye disease is a relatively rare condition, with an incidence of 2.9 to 16.0 cases per 100 000 population per year.1 The disease mainly affects women. Many patients experience distressing symptoms, and a few develop sight threatening complications. Patients are often young or middle aged and at the peak of their career.
Petros, Perros +2 more
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Thyroid eye disease is a relatively rare condition, with an incidence of 2.9 to 16.0 cases per 100 000 population per year.1 The disease mainly affects women. Many patients experience distressing symptoms, and a few develop sight threatening complications. Patients are often young or middle aged and at the peak of their career.
Petros, Perros +2 more
openaire +4 more sources
Seminars in Ophthalmology, 1999
Thyroid eye disease is the most common cause of unilateral and bilateral proptosis in adults. It occurs most frequently in women aged 30 to 50 years. Clinical features include eyelid retraction, periorbital edema, conjunctival injection and chemosis, proptosis, extraocular muscle restriction, exposure keratopathy, and optic nerve compromise.
I U, Scott, M R, Siatkowski
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Thyroid eye disease is the most common cause of unilateral and bilateral proptosis in adults. It occurs most frequently in women aged 30 to 50 years. Clinical features include eyelid retraction, periorbital edema, conjunctival injection and chemosis, proptosis, extraocular muscle restriction, exposure keratopathy, and optic nerve compromise.
I U, Scott, M R, Siatkowski
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Neurologic Clinics, 2010
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common cause of proptosis in adults, and should always be a consideration in patients with unexplained diplopia, pain, or optic nerve dysfunction. At least 80% of TED is associated with Graves disease (GD), and at least 50% of patients with GD develop clinically evident symptomatic TED.
Kimberly P, Cockerham, Stephanie S, Chan
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Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common cause of proptosis in adults, and should always be a consideration in patients with unexplained diplopia, pain, or optic nerve dysfunction. At least 80% of TED is associated with Graves disease (GD), and at least 50% of patients with GD develop clinically evident symptomatic TED.
Kimberly P, Cockerham, Stephanie S, Chan
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The Pathophysiology of Thyroid Eye Disease
Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2014The pathophysiology of thyroid eye disease (TED) is complex and incompletely understood. Orbital fibroblasts (OFs) seem to be the key effector cells that are responsible for the characteristic soft tissue enlargement seen in TED. They express potentially pathogenic autoantigens, such as thyrotropin receptor and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. An
Shannon J C, Shan, Raymond S, Douglas
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Glycosaminoglycans in Thyroid Eye Disease
Thyroid, 1998Orbital accumulation of hydrophilic, interstitial glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and subsequent expansion of retrobulbar tissue lead to the clinical manifestation of exophthalmos in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED). In order to analyze whether the alteration of distribution pattern and biochemical composition of GAG and proteoglycans play a role in ...
G, Kahaly, G, Förster, C, Hansen
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Treatment of Thyroid Eye Disease
Current Treatment Options in Neurology, 2010Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune disease characterized by varying degrees of proptosis, congestion and inflammation of the extraocular tissues, and eyelid retraction. It is usually seen in the setting of Graves' disease, but the severity of TED does not necessarily correlate with the level of systemic disease in a given patient.
Margaret E, Phillips +2 more
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