Results 11 to 20 of about 70 (68)
Separation of circulating tokens [PDF]
Theoretical Computer Science, 2009 Self-stabilizing distributed control is often modeled by token abstractions. A system with a single token may implement mutual exclusion; a system with multiple tokens may ensure that immediate neighbors do not simultaneously enjoy a privilege. For a cyber-physical system, tokens may represent physical objects whose movement is controlled.
K. Ghosh Dastidar, T. Herman
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Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science, 2023 The input to the token swapping problem is a graph with vertices $v_1, v_2, \ldots, v_n$, and $n$ tokens with labels $1, 2, \ldots, n$, one on each vertex. The goal is to get token $i$ to vertex $v_i$ for all $i= 1, \ldots, n$ using a minimum number of swaps, where a swap exchanges the tokens on the endpoints of an edge.
Ahmad Biniaz +8 more
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Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)Current LLM pipelines account for only one possible tokenization for a given string, ignoring exponentially many alternative tokenizations during training and inference. For example, the standard Llama3 tokenization of penguin is [p,enguin], yet [peng,uin] is another perfectly valid alternative.
Renato Lui Geh +2 more
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Token Fusion: Bridging the Gap between Token Pruning and Token Merging
2024 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)To appear in WACV ...
Minchul Kim +4 more
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Token and Taboo: Behavior Modification, Token Economies, and the Law [PDF]
California Law Review, 1973 Not surprisingly, legal concepts from the prisoners' rights movement have begun to spill over into the area of the rights of the institutionalized mentally ill. Since the mental patient movement is free of the law and order backlash that restrains the legal battles of prisoners, it may evoke considerable sympathy from the public, the legislatures, and ...
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The Token Tax: Systematic Bias in Multilingual Tokenization
Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on African Natural Language Processing (AfricaNLP 2026)Tokenization inefficiency imposes structural disadvantages on morphologically complex, low-resource languages, inflating compute resources and depressing accuracy. We evaluate 10 large language models (LLMs) on AfriMMLU (9,000 MCQA items; 5 subjects; 16 African languages) and show that fertility (tokens/word) reliably predicts accuracy.
Jessica M. Lundin +6 more
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Token Bottleneck: One Token to Remember Dynamics
CoRRDeriving compact and temporally aware visual representations from dynamic scenes is essential for successful execution of sequential scene understanding tasks such as visual tracking and robotic manipulation. In this paper, we introduce Token Bottleneck (ToBo), a simple yet intuitive self-supervised learning pipeline that squeezes a scene into a ...
Taekyung Kim 0002 +4 more
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Single-token vs Two-token Blockchain Tokenomics
CoRRWe study long-term equilibria that arise in the token monetary policy, or tokenomics, design of proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchain systems that engage utility maximizing users and validators. Validators are system maintainers who get rewarded with tokens for performing the work necessary for the system to function properly, while users compete and pay ...
Kiayias, Aggelos; id_orcid 0000-0003-2451-1430 +2 more
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Tokenizing loops of antibodies
mAbsThe complementarity-determining regions of antibodies are loop structures that are key to their interactions with antigens, and of high importance to the design of novel biologics. Since the 1980s, categorizing the diversity of CDR structures into canonical clusters has enabled the identification of key structural motifs of antibodies.
Ada Fang +3 more
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