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Toll-Like Receptors in Dermatology
Dermatologic Clinics, 2007The human skin represents the first line of defense against potentially hazardous environmental threats (ie, infection by microbes, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi). To fulfill this crucial function and to maintain the integrity of the skin compartment, evolution has equipped the human immune system with a variety of sophisticated tools leading to
Martin, Mempel +3 more
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Toll-like receptors in the skin
Seminars in Immunopathology, 2007Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important pattern-recognition receptors involved in host defense against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Activation of TLRs leads to the production of cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides, and upregulation costimulatory and adhesion molecules involved in innate and adaptive immune responses.
Lloyd S, Miller, Robert L, Modlin
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Toll‐like Receptors in Autoimmunity
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2008Both genetic predispositions and environmental factors contribute to the development of autoimmunity. Toll‐like receptors (TLR) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and their stimulus by pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) is an important prerequisite for the induction of ...
Maria, Fischer, Marc, Ehlers
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Viruses and Toll-like receptors
Microbes and Infection, 2004Production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons by mammalian cells is mediated through virus-specific activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Known roles for different TLRs and speculation as to their roles in viral pathogenesis and immunity are discussed in this review.
Robert W, Finberg, Evelyn A, Kurt-Jones
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Toll-like Receptors in the Cornea
The Ocular Surface, 2005We propose that activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the corneal epithelium in response to exposure to microbial products leads to production of CXC chemokines and recruitment of neutrophils to the stroma, increasing stromal thickness and causing haze. A schematic is presented showing the proposed role of TLRs in the inflammatory process.
Angela, Johnson, Eric, Pearlman
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Trends in Molecular Medicine, 2002
A mammalian immune response to microbial organisms requires a series of pattern recognition steps, and nonspecific processes often precede elements of the specific immune system in this process. Molecules such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acids are relatively conserved, and are recognized in this manner by toll-like receptors ...
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A mammalian immune response to microbial organisms requires a series of pattern recognition steps, and nonspecific processes often precede elements of the specific immune system in this process. Molecules such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acids are relatively conserved, and are recognized in this manner by toll-like receptors ...
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Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2005
The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a recently discovered family of receptors involved in the innate recognition of pathogens. TLRs have much homology to the IL-1 receptor family and the Drosophila Toll protein, and at least 10 distinct TLRs have now been identified in human subjects (Fig 1).
Pierre Olivier, Fiset +2 more
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The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a recently discovered family of receptors involved in the innate recognition of pathogens. TLRs have much homology to the IL-1 receptor family and the Drosophila Toll protein, and at least 10 distinct TLRs have now been identified in human subjects (Fig 1).
Pierre Olivier, Fiset +2 more
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Toll-like Receptors and Pregnancy
Reproductive Sciences, 2007The maternal-fetal interface represents an immunologically unique site that must promote tolerance to the allogenic fetus, whilst maintaining host defense against a diverse array of possible pathogens. Clinical studies have shown a strong association between certain pregnancy complications and intrauterine infections. Therefore, innate immune responses
Kaori, Koga, Gil, Mor
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The biology of Toll-like receptors
Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, 2000In 1997, a human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein was described, a protein later to be designated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Since that time, additional human and murine TLR proteins have been identified. Mammalian TLR proteins appear to represent a conserved family of innate immune recognition receptors.
T K, Means, D T, Golenbock, M J, Fenton
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Toll-like receptors and cancer
Nature Reviews Cancer, 2008Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that are best-known for their role in host defence from infection. Emerging evidence also suggests that TLRs have an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by regulating the inflammatory and tissue repair responses to injury. The development of cancer has been associated
Seth, Rakoff-Nahoum, Ruslan, Medzhitov
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