Results 351 to 360 of about 618,091 (376)

Toll-like receptors and autoimmunity

Autoimmunity Reviews, 2008
The understanding of autoimmune diseases experienced an impressive boost since the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been identified as possible key players in autoimmune pathophysiology. Although these receptors recognize a variety of structures derived from viruses, bacteria and fungi leading to subsequent initiation of the relevant immune responses ...
Julia, Hurst, Philipp, von Landenberg
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Mammalian Toll-like receptors

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 2002
To review the role of mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in host defense.MEDLINE search and current literature.First, TLRs participate in the recognition of molecular patterns present on microorganisms. Second, TLRs are expressed at the interface with the environment, the site of microbial invasion.
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Toll like receptors and viruses

Reviews in Medical Virology, 2006
AbstractToll like receptors (TLRs) are ‘pattern recognition proteins’ that discriminate between self and non‐self. They interact with products of infectious agents to activate cells of the innate immune system and also stimulate the adaptive immune system.
Robert W, Finberg, Jennifer P, Wang, Evelyn A, Kurt-Jones   +2 more
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Mammalian Toll-like receptors

Current Opinion in Immunology, 2003
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential in the host defense against microbial pathogens. Individual TLRs recognize distinct structural components of pathogens and evoke inflammatory responses. Recent evidence indicates that TLRs recognize not only bacteria and fungi but also viruses.
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Viruses and Toll-like receptors

Microbes and Infection, 2003
Recently a number of viruses, including a poxvirus, herpesvirus, retrovirus and two paramyxoviruses, have been shown to activate cells via Toll-like receptor family members. Here we postulate that although activation via Toll-like receptor molecules can lead to anti-viral innate immune responses, in some cases viruses may use these responses to ...
John C, Rassa, Susan R, Ross
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Avian toll-like receptors

Cell and Tissue Research, 2010
Analysis of the genomes of two distantly related bird species, chicken and zebra finch (divergence of about 100 million years), indicate that there are ten avian toll-like receptors and that five of these, TLR2a, 2b, 3, 4, 5 and 7, are clear orthologs to TLRs found in mammals.
Robert, Brownlie, Brenda, Allan
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Toll-like receptors in atherosclerosis

Biochemical Society Transactions, 2007
At one time, atherosclerosis was thought to be a simple lipid storage disease. However, it is now recognized as a chronic and progressive inflammation of the arterial wall. Gene deletion experiments in murine models of atherosclerosis that reduce the inflammatory process also reduce disease severity.
P S, Tobias, L K, Curtiss
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Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity

Nature Immunology, 2001
S. Akira, K. Takeda, T. Kaisho
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Structure of Toll-Like Receptors

2008
The ten human Toll-like receptors are able to respond to an extremely diverse range of microbial products ranging from di- and tri-acylated lipids to nucleic acids. An understanding of the molecular structure adopted by the receptor extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains and the way in which these structures interact with ligands and ...
Nicholas J, Gay, Monique, Gangloff
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Signalling of Toll-Like Receptors

2008
Since Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling was found crucial for the activation of innate and adaptive immunity, it has been the focus of immunological research. There are at least 13 identified mammalian TLRs, to date, that share similarities in their extracellular and intracellular domains.
Constantinos, Brikos, Luke A J, O'Neill
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