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In Defense of the Requirement of Total Evidence
Philosophy of Science, 2020According to the Requirement of Total Evidence, when assessing the credibility of hypotheses, we should endeavor to take into account all of the relevant evidence at our disposal instead of just some proper part of that evidence. In “The Fine-Tuning Argument and the Requirement of Total Evidence,” Peter Fisher Epstein offers two alleged counterexamples
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Rationality and Total Evidence
Philosophy of Science, 1970The meaning and justification of the requirement of total evidence are examined. It is argued that there are several significantly different interpretations of the requirement, but each interpretation makes the requirement highly suspect. For any of the usual interpretations of the requirement, it would be quite unreasonable to conduct inquiry in such ...
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‘Total evidence’ in phylogenetic systematics
Biology & Philosophy, 2008Taking its clues from Popperian philosophy of science, cladistics adopted a number of assumptions of the empiricist tradition. These include the identification of a dichotomy between observation reports and theoretical statements and its subsequent abandonment on the basis of the insight that all observation reports are theory-laden. The neglect of the
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"Total Evidence" and the Evolution of Highly Social Bees
Cladistics, 1994Abstract— Recent cladistic analyses of the relationships of the tribes of apine bees have produced conflicting results. The question of single or multiple origins of advanced eusociality in the group is thus unresolved. However, the previous studies have each treated only a limited part of the character data available.
Gabriela Chavarria, James M. Carpenter
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Systematics and Biogeography of Hard Ticks, a Total Evidence Approach
Cladistics, 2000Systematic relationships among the basal Ixodidae are examined using one morphological and three molecular data sets, 18S and 28S nuclear and 16S mitochondrial rDNA. Although different combinations of partitions are incompatible in a partition homogeneity test, combining them produces similar or better support for most major lineages through both ...
J S H, Klompen +3 more
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The Requirement of Total Evidence: A Reply to Epstein’s Critique
Philosophy of Science, 2020The requirement of total evidence is a mainstay of Bayesian epistemology. Peter Fisher Epstein argues that the requirement generates mistaken conclusions about several examples that he devises. Here we examine the example of Epstein’s that we find most interesting and argue that Epstein’s analysis of it is flawed.
Martin Barrett, Elliott Sober
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The language of systematics, and the philosophy of ‘total evidence’
Systematics and Biodiversity, 2004Abstract This contribution analyses the primacy of classification over generalization, and the philosophy of total evidence that emerges from the relation of homology to character statements. Primary conjectures of homology are basic character statements, i.e.
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A phylogeny of the Platyhelminthes: towards a total-evidence solution
Hydrobiologia, 1998We advocate a total-evidence approach for the reconstruction of working phylogenies for the Turbellaria and the phylum Platyhelminthes. Few morphology-based character matrices are available in the systematic literature concerning flatworms, and molecular-based phylogenies are rapidly providing the only means by which we can estimate phylogenies ...
D. T. J. Littlewood +2 more
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Anecdotal Pluralism, Total Evidence and Religious Diversity
Philosophia, 2020My main claim is that, contrary to the assumptions of mainstream literature, epistemic religious diversity is not a matter of an abstract comparison among the belief systems of different religions or denominations; rather, it is a relation arising from the epistemic encounter among individuals who adhere to different doxastic groups.
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Total Evidence Or Taxonomic Congruence: Cladistics Or Consensus Classification
Cladistics, 1998Miyamoto and Fitch's (1995,Syst. Biol.44: 64–76) verificationist arguments for taxonomic congruence are evaluated and found to be unconvincing. In particular, there is no logical connection between the truth of phylogenetic hypotheses and the independence of the sets of characters analysed for their consensus.
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