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Trade-off Surveys in Planning: Theory and Application
Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 1978We report on two innovations in survey methodology for land-use planning: The use of trade-off choices and the application of cluster analysis to the data. Cluster analysis is used to reduce the attitudinal items to significant dimensions. Cluster-score patterns can then provide empirical typologies of residents according to meaningful data-based ...
D E Dowall, J B Juhasz
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Trade-Off and Pecking Order Theories of Debt
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2007Taxes, bankruptcy costs, transactions costs, adverse selection, and agency conflicts have all been advocated as major explanations for the corporate use of debt financing. These ideas have often been synthesized into the trade-off theory and the pecking order theory of leverage. These theories and the related evidence are reviewed in this survey.
Goyal, Vidhan K. FINA, Frank, Murray
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Factorial designs and the theory of trade-off
Statistics & Probability Letters, 1992Abstract We consider a method to construct factorial designs with all factors at two levels and with an information matrix, pertaining to a specified model, that is equal to the information matrix for a given design. The method is based on a relation between this problem and the problem of trade-off in block designs.
Stufken, John, Wang, Kui-Jang
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Bankruptcy of the Famous Trade-Off Theory
2015Within modern theory of capital cost and capital structure by Brusov–Filatova–Orekhova (Brusov and Filatova 2011; Brusov et al. 2011a, b, c, 2012a, b, 2013a, b, 2014a, b; Filatova et al. 2008), the analysis of wide-known trade-off theory has been made.
Peter Brusov +3 more
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Testing Models of Dynamic Trade Off Theory
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2007Dynamic trade off theory suggests that firms let their leverage ratios vary within an optimal range. I develop an empirical model that estimates how the determinants of capital structure affect the two boundaries that define firms' optimal leverage ranges. Empirical evidence supports the predictions of dynamic trade off theory. Volatility increases the
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The Kraus-Litzenberger Zero-Sum Trade-Off Theory
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015This paper proves that the objective function by Kraus and Litzenberger (1973) is always zero. Hence, any traded off must be zero-sum. Their inclusion of the bankruptcy variable belongs to the creditor, not the firm. This paper then works out another version of trade off: one between debt and equity, and shows that such trade off is rarely one-sided ...
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Testing trade-off and pecking order theories financing SMEs
Small Business Economics, 2008This paper explores two of the most important theories behind financial policy in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs), namely, the pecking order and the trade-off theories. Panel data methodology is used to test empirical hypotheses on a sample of 3,569 Spanish SMEs over a 10-year period dating from 1995 to 2004.
José López-Gracia +1 more
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Testing the Pecking Order Theory and Trade-Off Theory of Capital Structure
2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science, 2009This paper tests traditional capital structure models against the alternative of a pecking order model of corporate finance in Chinese stock market. We show that, the basic pecking order model, which predicts external debt financing driven by the internal financial deficit, has much greater explanatory power over the capital structure of Chinese listed
Yanxi Li +3 more
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The geometric theory of adaptive evolution: trade-off and invasion plots
Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2005The purpose of this paper is to take an entirely geometrical path to determine the evolutionary properties of ecological systems subject to trade-offs. In particular we classify evolutionary singularities in a geometrical fashion. To achieve this, we study trade-off and invasion plots (TIPs) which show graphically the outcome of evolution from the ...
Bowers, Roger G. +3 more
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Modigliani-Miller Proposition and Trade-off Theory
2016This chapter considers the three basic ideas of capital structure. The capital structure irrelevance idea, the debt tax shield, and the link between expected bankruptcy costs and optimal capital structure. All of these ideas attempt to provide an answer to the following question: can the firm increase its value by changing its capital structure?
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