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Reliability of underwater hearing thresholds in pinnipeds

Acoustics Research Letters Online, 2005
Repeated measures of low-frequency underwater hearing sensi- tivity in individuals of three pinniped species tested over 4-7 years are pre- sented. Despite changes in the experience of the subjects and certain testing parameters (e.g., equipment and research personnel), measured underwater hearing thresholds within subjects over relatively long periods
Brandon L. Southall   +3 more
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AMPHIBIAN UNDERWATER HEARING: BIOPHYSICS AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

Bioacoustics, 2008
(2008). AMPHIBIAN UNDERWATER HEARING: BIOPHYSICS AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY. Bioacoustics: Vol. 17, No. 1-3, pp. 60-62.
Christensen-Dalsgaard, J., Elliott, T.M.
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Some Observations on Underwater Hearing

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1971
We examine the relative role of bone conduction and tympanic conduction in underwater localization and detection by humans. Basically, we placed divers underwater and covered up various parts of the skull and outer ear with neoprene foam (an insulator of sound) and measured thresholds and localization accuracy.
D A, Norman, R, Phelps, F, Wightman
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Underwater Hearing Thresholds in Man

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1967
The audibility threshold performance of the human ear submerged in water at ear depths of 12 and 35 ft was compared to its performance in air. Threshold SPL's at 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 Hz from five male and three female divers wearing open-circuit SCUBA equipment were obtained by the Békésy technique.
J F, Brandt, H, Hollien
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Underwater Hearing

2008
This chapter examines the structure and function of hearing and the auditory system in fishes and marine mammals. Hearing is considered in terms of the evolution of the vertebrate auditory system in fishes and the readaption of mammals to the aquatic environment.
Popper, A., Ketten, Darlene
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Origin of underwater hearing in whales

Nature, 1993
All described fossil and Recent cetaceans have relatively similar ear bones (malleus, incus and stapes) that strongly diverge from those of land mammals. Here we report that the hearing organ of the oldest whale, Pakicetus, is the only known intermediate between that of land mammals and aquatic cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises).
J G, Thewissen, S T, Hussain
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Experiments on the mechanism of underwater hearing

Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2011
The findings suggest that underwater sound perception is realized by the middle ear rather than by bone conduction, at least in shallow water conditions.To prove whether underwater sound perception is effected by bone conduction or by conduction via the middle ear.Five divers, breathing through snorkels, were tested in a swimming pool, to determine ...
Hans Wilhelm, Pau   +5 more
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Biophysics of Underwater Hearing in Anuran Amphibians

Journal of Experimental Biology, 1982
ABSTRACTA standing wave tube apparatus was used to determine the biophysical basis of underwater hearing sensitivity in 3 species of Rana and in Xenopus laevis. A speaker inside the base of a vertical, water-filled 3 m steel pipe produced standing waves.
T E, Hetherington, R E, Lombard
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