Results 201 to 210 of about 3,509 (227)

Unrealistic Optimism and the Health Belief Model

Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2000
Why do people fail to engage in positive behaviors which will promote their health and well-being? Researchers addressing this question adopt primarily one of two perspectives, drawing either on theories of health behavior, such as the Health Belief Model (HBM), or on theories of risk perception, such as unrealistic optimism.
V A, Clarke, H, Lovegrove, A, Williams, M, Machperson   +3 more
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Egocentrism as a Source of Unrealistic Optimism

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1982
People tend to expect misfortunes to happen to others, not to themselves. College students (n = 76) who compared their own chances of experiencing 6 negative events with the chances of their classmates were optimistically biased (p < .001). Treatments were designed to manipulate 2 cognitive.
Neil D. Weinstein, Elizabeth Lachendro
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Assessing Unrealistic Optimism

Journal of Health Psychology, 2009
The effects of measurement method on levels of unrealistic optimism for developing diabetes were examined in 323 UK adults. A mixed factorial design comprised direct and indirect measures of unrealistic optimism as the within-subjects variable, and between-subjects manipulations of the order of direct versus indirect assessment, the order of self—other
David French, Stephen Sutton, David Hevey   +2 more
exaly   +4 more sources

Risk Perception: Unrealistic Optimism or Realistic Expectancy

Psychological Reports, 1999
The current study investigated risk perception and Unrealistic Optimism as a function of involvement in risk. 74 undergraduate students were asked to rate how likely they were to encounter various negative consequences relative to various comparison targets (child, peer, and parent) and specified their actual involvement in risk-taking.
P, Todesco, S B, Hillman
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Informed Consent, Therapeutic Misconception, and Unrealistic Optimism

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 2020
The Belmont Report attested to the cardinal importance of informed consent for ethical research on human subjects. Important challenges to securing informed consent have emerged since its publication more than 40 years ago. Among some of the most significant of these challenges are those that highlight social psychological factors that have the ...
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Explaining the effect of event valence on unrealistic optimism

Psychology, Health & Medicine, 2009
People typically exhibit 'unrealistic optimism' (UO): they believe they have a lower chance of experiencing negative events and a higher chance of experiencing positive events than does the average person. UO has been found to be greater for negative than positive events. This 'valence effect' has been explained in terms of motivational processes.
Ron S, Gold, Mark G, Brown
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Event Valence and Unrealistic Optimism: Further Evidence

Psychological Reports, 2004
Unrealistic optimism is assessed using either a single question, the rating of own likelihood of experiencing an event compared to that of the average person, or two questions, separate rating of own likelihood and that of the average person. The effect of event valence on unrealistic optimism was studied in a sample of 175 students using the two ...
Ron S, Gold, Kate, Martyn
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Unrealistic optimism among adolescent smokers and nonsmokers

The Journal of Primary Prevention, 1991
Two studies were conducted to investigate unrealistic optimism among adolescent cigarette smokers. In the first study, 54 smokers and 304 nonsmokers agreed that there was a strong relationship between smoking and lung cancer. Nonsmokers accurately perceived their chances of contracting lung cancer as below average. However, smokers perceived themselves
J D, Reppucci, T A, Revenson, M, Aber, N, Dickon Reppucci   +3 more
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Cultural variation in unrealistic optimism

2008
The recently proposed notion that self-enhancing biases are significantly implicated in mental health is being challenged by cross-cultural research which suggests that such biases may be limited to cultures which foster an independent construal of self.
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Unrealistic optimism about susceptibility to health problems

Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 1982
In this study, 100 college students compared their own chances of experiencing 45 different health- and life-threatening problems with the chances of their peers. They showed a significant optimistic bias for 34 of these hazards, consistently considering their own chances to be below average.
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