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Neutral Upper Atmosphere

2004
The description of an atmosphere makes use of a number of characteristic parameters that are introduced in this chapter. We describe the height variations of these parameters in the Earth’s atmosphere and the subdivisions based on them. The main part of the chapter is devoted to an explanation of the observed density height profile.
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Upper Atmosphere Structure

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1962
<div class="htmlview paragraph">This study of the characteristics of the upper atmosphere are directed primarily toward determining their effects on space vehicles. Methods of calculating density, pressure, and temperature, and also the variations of these values caused by diurnal, seasonal, and solar influences, are discussed in relation to ...
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The upper atmosphere

Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity, 1928
The density calculations of the following paragraphs are based on the assumptions of diffusion as indicated by Table 3 and temperature‐distribution as shown in Figure 7. The calculations for the atmospheric conditions of summer nights are given in detail since it was considered these figures would be the most useful.The change in atmospheric pressure ...
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The Upper Atmosphere

1990
Under the powerful ultraviolet radiation from the sun the higher and thinner layers of the atmosphere become ionized and produce important consequences for the propagation of radio waves. More generally, because of the large mean free paths the medium is not in thermal equilibrium and many complex atomic and molecular phenomena take place.
Bruno Bertotti, Paolo Farinella
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The Upper Atmosphere

2011
Conditions in the outermost region of the atmosphere differ radically from those in the lower atmosphere. The principal characteristic features are the following:
Peter Warneck, Jonathan Williams
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Super-rotation of Upper Atmosphere

Nature, 1971
RECENT publications1,2 report that the mean rotational speed of the Earth's upper atmosphere at altitudes of about 200–400 km is faster than that of the Earth. Rishbeth3 has suggested that an induced electric polarization field at low latitudes plays a part in this “super-rotation”. We offer here an alternative explanation, based on the Scott effect4.
D H, Weinstein, J, Keeney
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Upper-atmosphere electrons

Physics Today, 1965
Researchers from the University of California at Berkeley are using a combination of balloon and rocket flights to gather data on microbursts of electrons that occur above the earth's atmosphere. The microbursts last about a quarter second and appear and disappear in a rhythmic pattern.
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The Upper Atmosphere

Physics Bulletin, 1958
By H. S. W. Massey and R. L. F. Boyd London : Hutchinson and Co. Ltd. Pp. xii + 333. Price 63s. The authors give an account of the present state of knowledge of the upper atmosphere the region extending from an altitude of about ten miles to some hundreds of miles into space.
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Ionisation in the Upper Atmosphere

Nature, 1927
THE more important agencies which may conceivably cause the ionisation of the upper atmosphere of the earth are the ultra-violet light, α- and β-particles, all of solar origin, the penetrating radiation of cosmic origin, and the ionising radiations from terrestrial sources.
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Upper Atmosphere Studies

2011
The Earth’s atmosphere occupies some million times greater volume than the solid Earth. In this huge system, the charged plasma particles react strongly to electric and magnetic fields. Hence, electrical processes in one part of the system can influence the electrodynamical processes in another distant part.
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