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Developments on Two Lithium Vapor-Box Linear Test-Stand Experiments

open access: yesNuclear Materials and Energy, 2021
The lithium vapor-box divertor is a possible fusion power exhaust solution. It uses condensation pumping to create a gradient of vapor density in a divertor slot; this should allow a stable detachment front without active feedback.
Jacob Schwartz, Robert J. Goldston
exaly   +3 more sources

Predictive Modeling of a Lithium Vapor Box Divertor in NSTX-U Using SOLPS-ITER

open access: yesNuclear Materials and Energy, 2021
The unmitigated heat flux in attached operation of a fusion power plant is predicted to be destructive to any solid divertor surface. Detachment, whereby the plasma pressure drops significantly before reaching the divertor target thus greatly reducing ...
Robert J. Goldston, Eric Emdee, J D Lore
exaly   +3 more sources

The Effect of Gas Injection Location on a Lithium Vapor Box Divertor in NSTX-U

open access: yesNuclear Fusion, 2023
The lithium vapor box divertor is a proposed divertor design that will minimize contamination of the upstream plasma in a fusion device, while also ensuring protection of the target.
R J Goldston
exaly   +2 more sources

Comparing Lithium Vapor Box Designs in a High Heat Flux Scenario Using SOLPS-ITER

open access: yesNuclear Materials and Energy, 2023
SOLPS calculations of lithium vapor box divertor designs on NSTX-U are presented. Predictive high power simulations (Pheat=10 MW, qpeakunmitigated∼65 MW/m2) are used to compare and contrast two divertor designs.
Eric Emdee, R J Goldston
exaly   +3 more sources

Physics Design for a Lithium Vapor Box Divertor Experiment on Magnum PSI

open access: yesNuclear Materials and Energy, 2019
The lithium vapor box divertor is a potential solution for power exhaust in toroidal confinement devices. The divertor plasma interacts with a localized, dense cloud of lithium vapor, leading to volumetric radiation, cooling, recombination, and ...
Jacob Schwartz, Eric Emdee, M A Jaworski
exaly   +3 more sources

Recent Advances Towards a Lithium Vapor Box Divertor

open access: yesNuclear Materials and Energy, 2017
Fusion power plants are likely to require near complete detachment of the divertor plasma from the divertor target plates, in order to have both acceptable heat flux at the target to avoid prompt damage and also acceptable plasma temperature at the ...
Ammar Hakim   +2 more
exaly   +3 more sources

Experimental Evaluation of the Vapor Box Divertor Concept With an Open Vapor Box Module in Magnum-PSI

open access: yesNuclear Fusion
A promising approach to handle the intense plasma heat flux in the divertor region of a tokamak is the Vapor Box Divertor (VBD). Here plasma-lithium interaction creates a dense lithium vapor cloud which interacts with the incoming plasma, effectively ...
Thomas Morgan, S Brons, T W Morgan
exaly   +2 more sources

Optimization of Lithium Vapor Box Divertor Evaporator Location on NSTX-U Using SOLPS-ITER

open access: yesNuclear Fusion
Commercial fusion reactors will be faced with extremely high divertor target heat fluxes that will require mitigation. Simulations of detachment in an NSTX-U scenario projected to have 92 MW m ^−2 unmitigated peak target heat flux are presented, which ...
Andrei Khodak   +2 more
exaly   +2 more sources

Inkjet printed CuIn(1-X)GaXSe2 thin film by controlled selenium distribution for improved power conversion efficiency in chalcopyrite solar cells

open access: yesApplied Surface Science Advances, 2021
Selenium (Se) vapor pressure is a key factor during the selenization of CuIn1-XGaX (CIG) film to obtain a high-quality CuIn1-XGaXSe2 (CIGS) absorber layer. To investigate the effect of Se vapor distribution on the grain growth of inkjet printed precursor
Brijesh Singh Yadav   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

Unveiling the Molecular Origin of Vapor-Liquid Phase Transition of Bulk and Confined Fluids

open access: yesMolecules, 2022
At temperatures below the critical temperature, discontinuities in the isotherms are one critical issue in the design and construction of separation units, affecting the level of confidence for a prediction of vapor–liquid equilibriums and phase ...
Sorrasit Jitmitsumphan   +9 more
doaj   +1 more source

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