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Documenta Ophthalmologica, 1974 The extensive and scattered literature on vergence eye movements is reviewed. Topics covered include the neural innervation to vergence, active versus passive divergence, muscular control, the accuracy of vergence, the interaction from vergence to accommodation, the independence of vergence and version, the sharing of responsibility with other eye ...
Toates, F. M.
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Vergence adaptation in clinical vergence testing
Optometry - Journal of the American Optometric Association, 2010The purposes of this investigation were to determine whether vergence adaptation occurs after vergence range testing and vergence facility testing and to determine whether vergence adaptation correlates with the results of these tests.Thirty subjects participated in 3 testing sessions on different days. During each session 1 of the following was tested:
Catherine, McDaniel, Nick, Fogt
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Response of supraoculomotor area neurons during combined saccade-vergence movements
Journal of Neurophysiology, 2018 Combined saccade-vergence movements allow humans and other primates to align their eyes with objects of interest in three-dimensions. In the absence of saccades, vergence movements are typically slow, symmetrical movements of the two eyes in opposite ...
Adam Pallus, Michael J. Mustari
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Vision Research, 2021
The horopter is defined by the criterion with which it is measured; these include the apparent frontoparallel plane, the region of binocular single vision, and identical visual direction. Another criterion is one that "the positions of the points are such that none provides a stimulus for fusional movement of the eyes".
Harrold, Ashleigh L., Grove, Philip M.
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The horopter is defined by the criterion with which it is measured; these include the apparent frontoparallel plane, the region of binocular single vision, and identical visual direction. Another criterion is one that "the positions of the points are such that none provides a stimulus for fusional movement of the eyes".
Harrold, Ashleigh L., Grove, Philip M.
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Tonic Vergence and Vergence Adaptation
Optometry and Vision Science, 1997ABSTRACT: In the absence of an adequate visual stimulus, the eyes are typically converged by approximately 0.25 to 0.75 meter angles (MA). This vergence response (VR) was believed to reflect the level of tonic innervation to the extraocular muscles, and accordingly has been termed tonic vergence (TV). However, this estimation fails to
MARK ROSENFIELD, Mark Rosenfield
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Frequency analysis of accommodation, accommodative vergence and disparity vergence
Vision Research, 1973Abstract Engineering control analysis is used to gain some insight into the nature of the prediction operator and the synkinesis in the near response triad. The frequency characteristics of accommodation, accommodative vergence and disparity vergence systems are compared on a single subject.
V V, Krishnan, S, Phillips, L, Stark
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Vergence Adaptation and the Order of Clinical Vergence Range Testing
Optometry and Vision Science, 1995ABSTRACT When measuring horizontal relative vergence ranges, the conventional clinical procedure is to assess the base‐in (or divergence) range before the base‐out (or convergence) determination. The rationale for this order of testing is that the convergence responses stimulated during the base‐out measurements may produce vergence ...
M, Rosenfield +3 more
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Models of Vergence and Accommodation-Vergence Interactions
2002Vergence (or disjunctive) eye movements provide single vision by bringing the images of a bifixation target onto corresponding retinal points in the two eyes. When a target moves in depth, the brain recognizes the change in position of the retinal images and drives the extraocular muscles to bring these images into proper register on the retinas. Since
Bai-chuan Jiang +2 more
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Why Do Patients with Impaired Vergence Not Show “Saccadic” Vergence?
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2009Low gain of the smooth‐pursuit system causes correcting saccades that are clinically observed as “saccadic pursuit.” In contrast, low gain of the vergence system during tracking does not appear to cause “saccadic tracking.” To further evaluate whether this clinical observation is caused by a missing interaction of vergence to step and ramp targets ...
Holger, Rambold +3 more
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American journal of optometry and archives of American Academy of Optometry, 1968
ABSTRACT In normal binocular vision, accommodation and vergence cooperate to place on the fovea of each eye sharp image of the object of regard. Clinical measurements have long been interpreted as indicating that these two functions are stable and positively related to each other.
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ABSTRACT In normal binocular vision, accommodation and vergence cooperate to place on the fovea of each eye sharp image of the object of regard. Clinical measurements have long been interpreted as indicating that these two functions are stable and positively related to each other.
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