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Violent non-state actor ecology and the effects on counterinsurgency and statebuilding
Journal of Peace ResearchAbstract Violent non-state actors (VNSAs) typically adopt one of three organizational forms: market, network, or hierarchy. These forms affect the duration of conflicts, as well as their intensity, chances of success, and vulnerability to counterinsurgency.
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Syria—The Use of Violent Non State Actors as a Tool of Regional Policy
2020This chapter considers the role and significance of Violent Non-State Actors (VNSA) in the context of the Syrian conflict. Specifically, it examines how regional states, particularly from the Arab Gulf and Iran, have sought to use VNSA in Syria as proxies and tools of their national strategies.
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