Results 31 to 40 of about 1,103,073 (309)

ValCAT: Variable-Length Contextualized Adversarial Transformations Using Encoder-Decoder Language Model

North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022
Adversarial texts help explore vulnerabilities in language models, improve model robustness, and explain their working mechanisms. However, existing word-level attack methods trap in a one-to-one attack pattern, i.e., only a single word can be modified ...
Chuyun Deng, Mingxuan Liu, Yue Qin, Jia Zhang, Haixin Duan, Donghong Sun   +5 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Dissociating spatial and letter-based word length effects observed in readers’ eye movement patterns

Vision Research, 2011
In previous eye movement research on word length effects, spatial width has been confounded with the number of letters. McDonald (2006) unconfounded these factors by rendering all words in sentences in constant spatial width. In the present study, the Arial font with proportional letter spacing was used for varying the number of letters while equating ...
Hautala Jarkko, Aro Mikko, Hyönä Jukka
openaire   +5 more sources

The number of k-mer matches between two DNA sequences as a function of k and applications to estimate phylogenetic distances.

PLoS ONE, 2020
We study the number Nk of length-k word matches between pairs of evolutionarily related DNA sequences, as a function of k. We show that the Jukes-Cantor distance between two genome sequences-i.e.
Sophie Röhling, Alexander Linne, Jendrik Schellhorn, Morteza Hosseini, Thomas Dencker, Burkhard Morgenstern   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source

Toward the asymptotic count of bi-modular hidden patterns under probabilistic dynamical sources: a case study [PDF]

Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science, 2012
Consider a countable alphabet $\mathcal{A}$. A multi-modular hidden pattern is an $r$-tuple $(w_1,\ldots , w_r)$, where each $w_i$ is a word over $\mathcal{A}$ called a module.
Loïck Lhote, Manuel E. Lladser
doaj   +1 more source

Alphabet usage pattern, word lengths, and sparsity in seven Indo-European languages

Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 2019
Abstract An empirical study on about 1.7 million dictionary words from seven languages viz. English, French, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, Hindi, and German has been conducted. Three intriguing characteristic features have been analyzed. First, the alphabet usage pattern in a language was determined which can be used to give an idea on how ...
Nikhil Kumar Rajput, Bhavya Ahuja, Manoj Kumar Riyal   +2 more
openaire   +1 more source

Extraction of line-word-character segments directly from run-length compressed printed text-documents [PDF]

National Conference on Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, Image Processing, and Graphics, 2013
Segmentation of a text-document into lines, words and characters, which is considered to be the crucial preprocessing stage in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is traditionally carried out on uncompressed documents, although most of the documents in ...
M. Javed, P. Nagabhushan, B. B. Chaudhuri   +2 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

An Approach for Generating Pattern-Based Shorthand Using Speech-to-Text Conversion and Machine Learning

Journal of Intelligent Systems, 2013
Rapid handwriting, popularly known as shorthand, involves writing symbols and abbreviations in lieu of common words or phrases. This method increases the speed of transcription and is primarily used to record oral dictation.
Abhinand K. R., Devi H. K. Anasuya
doaj   +1 more source

The Time Course of Language Production as Revealed by Pattern Classification of MEG Sensor Data

Journal of Neuroscience, 2022
Language production involves a complex set of computations, from conceptualization to articulation, which are thought to engage cascading neural events in the language network.
F. Carota, J. Schoffelen, R. Oostenveld, P. Indefrey   +3 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source