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X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Vacuum, 1994It is now some twenty-five years since the first commercial X-ray photoelectron spectrometers appeared in the market place and the intervening years have seen the technique develop into a mature, if not altogether routine, surface analytical method. However, the scientific roots of the method arc much older, the photoelectric effect was discovered by ...
E. Paterson, R. Swaffield
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X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
2008X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a highly surface sensitive technique, which can provide information on composition, binding and functionality of polymers at the surface. The aspect of information depth and surface charging is discussed as well as quantification and data interpretation.
Dieter Pleul, Frank Simon
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using hard X-rays
Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 2010Abstract Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES or HXPS), using hard (2–15 keV) X-rays for excitation and high energy resolution, has shown a spectacular development recently, due to its capability for providing an insight into the bulk electronic structure of solids and the chemical composition of buried layers and interfaces lying at depths ...
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X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
2013Abstract Clays and clay minerals interact with the surrounding environment through their surfaces. Their surface chemical compositions can differ from the bulk or average compositions because of chemical reactions such as adsorption, dissolution, and oxidation at the surfaces.
H. Seyama, M. Soma, B.K.G. Theng
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SURFACE ANALYSIS | X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
2005X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is the most broadly applicable surface analysis technique today. It relies on measurements of the energy distribution of photon excited electrons from atoms in the surface region of the solid. It can detect all elements except hydrogen with a sensitivity that varies by only a factor of ~ 30 across the periodic ...
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X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
2021X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a spectroscopic technique in the family of electron spectroscopies, that is, those methods whose probe consists of electrons instead of photons. In the case of XPS, a soft, usually monochromatic X-ray causes the emission of electrons by means of the photoelectric effect. Differences in chemical potential and/or
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X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
2017X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a key tool for the quantitative analysis of surface composition and oxidation state, and universally employed in academic and commercial settings to improve the design of heterogeneous catalysts. This section outlines the principles and application of XPS as a versatile, chemically specific analytical tool to ...
Adam F. Lee +2 more
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X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
1992The detection and energy analysis of photoelectrons produced by radiation whose energy exceeds their binding energies is the subject of an extensively-used technique known as photoelectron (PE) spectroscopy. This technique can be conveniently divided into two broad areas, the first employing ultraviolet radiation, hence called ultraviolet photoelectron
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X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
1986Photoelectron spectroscopy with characteristic x-rays was developed into a useful analytical technique by Kai Siegbahn and collaborators at Uppsala in the late sixties. The most important applications depend on the ability to measure small shifts in core-electron binding energies, which are related to the valence state and chemical bonding of the atom.
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