Results 91 to 100 of about 169 (135)
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The microstructure of a ZnO varistor material
Journal of Materials Science, 1985The microstructure of a ZnO varistor material has been investigated by a combination of X-ray diffractometry and analytical electron microscopy (SEM, TEM, STEM, EDX). The material was found to consist of: ZnO grains (doped with manganese, cobalt and nickel); smaller spinel grains which hinder the growth of ZnO grains during sintering; intergranular Bi ...
E. Olsson +3 more
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A barrier model for ZnO varistors
Journal of Applied Physics, 1979A model of current transport in ZnO varistors is proposed. The model is a modification of an earlier one suggested by Levine, with the major difference being the inclusion of a thin (?10 Å) ’’disordered’’ layer which separates the single-crystal ZnO grains.
P. L. Hower, T. K. Gupta
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Theory of conduction in ZnO varistors
Journal of Applied Physics, 1979A theory is presented which quantitatively accounts for the important features of conduction in ZnO-based metal-oxide varistors. This theory has no adjustable parameters. Using the known values of the ZnO band gap, donor concentration n0, and low-voltage varistor leakage-current activation energy, we predict a varistor breakdown voltage of ?3.2 V/grain
G. D. Mahan +2 more
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Failure modelling for ZnO varistors
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1998Abstract The energy-absorption capability of zinc oxide varistors depends on both the binder burn-out and shrinkage rate of the disc. This paper presents a study of the development of a failure model of a varistor disc with a nominal voltage V nom =5 kV and a diameter of 42 mm manufactured by rate-controlled sintering.
M.D Huda +3 more
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Conduction mechanisms in ZnO varistors
Journal of Applied Physics, 1980The thermionic emission enhanced by barrier lowering and the Zener tunnelling in ZnO varistors are discussed. Capacitance versus voltage, reverse current versus temperature, and 1/f noise measurements have been performed on commercial varistors. A model is proposed from which follows a diffusion voltage VD which is consistent both with the 1/C2 vs V ...
L. K. J. Vanadamme, J. C. Brugman
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Ceramic varistors based on ZnO–SnO2
Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2004Abstract Model ceramic varistor formulations based on 98% ZnO–SnO2 (plus 2% oxides of Bi, Co and Mn) were prepared by conventional powder processing routes; specimens were sintered at 1150–1275 °C. The product density increased with SnO2 content, but decreased with increase in sintering temperature.
A. Anastasiou +3 more
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Rate-controlled shrinkage of ZnO varistors
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1996Abstract Shrinkage of ZnO varistors has been controlled during the firing process at a constant rate using a feed back loop to control the heating rate. This was accomplished by developing software which calculates the shrinkage from a signal coming from a displacement transducer, then it compares the current shrinkage rate with a previously set ...
A. Al-Tounsi, R. Puyané, M.S.J. Hashmi
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Impedance and Modulus Spectroscopy of ZnO Varistors
Journal of Electroceramics, 1997The ac response of ZnO varistors has been investigated over thetemperature range 100 to 380°C using impedance and modulusspectroscopy. Impedance spectra show only a single peak, which representsthe most resistive component in the sample and is responsible for the dcproperties, whereas an additional peak appears in the modulus spectrum.
A.R. West, M. Andres-Verges
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Intrinsic defects in ZnO varistors
Journal of Applied Physics, 1983Theoretical calculations are presented for equilibrium concentrations of zinc and oxygen vacancies in ZnO. Results are presented at the sintering temperature, and also at room temperature. Theoretical calculations of reaction constants show that the intrinsic donor is the oxygen vacancy, rather than the zinc interstitial.
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Evaluation of ZnO Varistors by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2001ZnO varistors degraded under various conditions were evaluated by photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS). The degradation where the grain boundary is damaged by DC bias stress is more than that by AC bias stress. PAS, however, reveals that the interior of the grains of the sample degraded by AC bias stress is much more damaged than that by the DC bias ...
Yasuhiro Ohbuchi Yasuhiro Ohbuchi +4 more
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